Lecture 2: Prokaryotes Flashcards
What are characteristics of Prokaryotes? (8 Total0
-No Nucleus
-No membrane bound organelles
-Cytosol
-Ribosomes
-Cell Membrane & Cell Wall
-Plasmids
-Reproduce via Binary Fission
-Contain a Flagella
Peptidoglycan is found only in the Cell Walls of _ ?
Bacteria
What is the purpose of the Flagella?
Help prokaryotes navigate
What are plasmids?
Extra DNA
Where is DNA stored in Prokaryotes?
Nucleoid region
What are 3 functions of the Cell Wall in Prokaryotes?
- Supports/Provides Structure
- Protection
- Prevents cell from bursting (hypotonic)
What are two factors that promote genetic diversity in prokaryotes?
- Rapid Reproduction & Mutations
- Genetic Recombination
What are two methods of Genetic Recombination in prokaryotes?
- Vertical Gene Transfer
- Horizontal Gene Transfer
In Vertical gene transfer, genetic information is _
transferred from Parent to Offspring
In Horizontal gene transfer, genetic information is _
NOT transferred from Parent to Offspring
What are the 3 steps in Horizontal Gene Transfer?
- Transformation
- Transduction
- Conjugation
What are two examples of Energy Sources? (PEC)
- Phototrophs (Light)
-Chemotrophs (chemical reactions)
What are two examples of Carbon Sources?(CAH)
-Autotrophs (CO2)
-Heterotrophs (Food)
Describe Obligate Aerobe.
Requires O2 to live
Describe Obligate Anaerobe
Dies in the presence of O2
Describe Facultative Anaerobe
Can live in the presence or absence of O2
What occurs during Transformation in a Horizontal Gene Transfer?
Foreign DNA in the form of plastids is introduced into the bacterial gene
What occurs during Transduction in a horizontal gene transfer?
Bacteriophage (virus-infected bacteria) transmits bacterial DNA containing foreign DNA to another bacteria.
What occurs during Conjugation in a horizontal gene transfer?
Bacterial DNA containing foreign DNA is shared between two individuals.
What do bacteria have in their cell walls that archaea do not?
Pep-ti-dog-lycan
List differences between Bacteria and Archae.
- Cell Walls in Bacteria contain Peptidoglycan, while cell walls in Archaea do not \
- Some bacteria are photosynthetic (phytoplanktons), archaea are not.
-Archaea contain Extremophiles - Archaea that can live in extreme conditions.
Define Extremophile.
An organism that is tolerant to extreme environments.
List 3 examples of Extremophiles (HTM)
Halophiles
Thermophiles
Methanogens
What are Halophiles?
Archaea that live in Salt Environments
