Lecture 5: Animal Diversity 1

Question 1

What term is used to describe animals? (M)

Answer 1

Metazoa

Question 2

What is the ancestral trait of all animals that is dependent on producers of energy?

Answer 2

Heterotrophy

Question 3

Animals are _, _, and contain an _ _ instead of Cell Walls.

Answer 3

Eukaryotic, Multicellular, and contain an Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

Question 4

Is the Extracellular Matrix a derived trait? What is it?

Answer 4

Yes, the ECM is a derived trait. The ECM consists of Proteins surrounding the cell membrane

Question 5

All multicellular organisms have _ cells.

Answer 5

Differentiated

Question 6

What do differentiated cells mean?

Answer 6

Each cell has a specialized function, such as skin cells, hair cells, liver cells, etc

Question 7

Most animals have _ with common structure and function.

Answer 7

Tissues

Question 8

_ and _ _ are two derived traits of most animals. (M, NT)

Answer 8

-Muscle
-Nerve Tissue

Question 9

Arrange order from Cells to Organism

Answer 9

cells - tissues - organs - organ system - organism

Question 10

Many animals have differentiated cells and _ .

Answer 10

Organs

Question 11

Reproduction is typically _ dominant

Answer 11

Diploid

Question 12

SEQ Human Life Cycle

Answer 12

Human undergoes meoisis to produce gametes (haploid sex cells) - sperm (Males) and egg (Females). Sperm and egg join via fertilization, forming a diploid zygote, which undergoes mitosis and grows into a Human.

Question 13

Describe Blastulation

Answer 13

Cell Migration - forms blastula

Question 14

What is a blastula?

Answer 14

Hollow ball of cells around blastocoel (cavity)

Question 15

The process of inward folding of blastula is known as

Answer 15

Gastrulation - forms a Gastrula

Question 16

What are the parts of a Gastrula? (EEAB)

Answer 16

-Endoderm - inside part
- Ectoderm - outside layer
- Archenterm - Top part of the inside, digestion
- Blastophore - Opening at the bottom

Question 17

What is the function of Homeobox genes?

Answer 17

Code for proteins that regulate expression of developmental genes.

Question 18

Describe Symmetry

Answer 18

Arrangement of Body Structure in relation to axis in the body

Question 19

Describe Asymmetry

Answer 19

No plane of symmetry throughout the body

Question 20

What are two types of Symmetry?

Answer 20

1. Radial Symmetry
2. Bilateral Symmetry

Question 21

Describe Radial Symmetry

Answer 21

Any plane through longitudinal axis (x or y)

Question 22

Describe Bilateral Symmetry

Answer 22

Only 1 plane through longitudinal axis (y)

Question 23

Describe Cephalization

Answer 23

Development of a head - central nervous system and sensory organs.

Question 24

What do each represent:

• Dorsal
• Ventral
• Anterior
• Posterior

Answer 24

• Dorsal (back)
• Ventral (belly)
• Anterior (front)
• Posterior (back)

Question 25

What are germ layers?

Answer 25

Concentric Layers of Embryonic Tissue that form during embryonic development (gastrulation)

Question 26

What is a mesoderm?

Answer 26

Middle Layer

Question 27

What are Diploblasts?

Answer 27

DIploblasts form 2 layers and only contain an endoderm and ectoderm

Question 28

What are Triploblasts?

Answer 28

Triploblasts contain 3 layers - Ectoderm, Endoderm, and Mesoderm

Question 29

Body cavities only apply to _

Answer 29

Triploblasts

Question 30

What is a Coelem?

Answer 30

A body cavity:fluid-filled space between the body wall and digestive tube

Question 31

What are 2 Types of Coelem

Answer 31

True Coelem/Pseudocoelom Acoelomate

Question 32

What is the difference between a Pseudocoelom and Acoelomate?

Answer 32

- Pseudocoelom contain mesoderm in their body cavity - Acoelomate contain no body cavity

Question 33

Advantages of having a body cavity (coelem)?

Answer 33

- Hydrostatic skeleton supports body and movement - Circulation

Question 34

Describe Protostome (Pre-Detrmined)

Answer 34

-Spiral (like a rubix cube), determinate cleavage - cells become the same things (PRe-determined)

Question 35

Describe Deuterostome

Answer 35

- Radial (aligned), indeterminate cleavage - fate not set in stone

Question 36

Coelem forms from the folds of _

Answer 36

Archenteron

Question 37

Choanoflagellates are _ _ of Animals

Answer 37

Sister Groups

Question 38

What are 3 traits of Choanoflagellates?

Answer 38

1. Unicellular 2. Flagellated 3. Eukaryotes

Question 39

Why is the Cambrian Explosion important?

Answer 39

Shows a sudden appearance of Biodiversity in Fossil Records

Question 40

Known as "True Animals", share derived traits of Tissues and Symmetry. Exclude Porifera

Answer 40

Eumetazoa

Question 41

Shared derived traits of Bilateral Symmetry and Triploblasty. Exclude Cnidaria and Porifera.

Answer 41

Bilateria

Question 42

Shared Derived Traits of Coelem and Excretory Structures. Exclude Acoela, Cnidaria, and Porifera

Answer 42

Nephrozoa

Question 43

Share dervided trait of Deuterostone Development

Answer 43

Deuterostomia

Question 44

Share derived trait of Protostome Development. Contain Spiralia and Ecdysozoa.

Answer 44

Protostomia