Repro weeks 3 &4 Flashcards

1
Q

where does oedema tend to occur in pre eclampsia

A

hands and face

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2
Q

when is screening for DS carried out

A

week 11-13+6

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3
Q

what is the screening test for DS in 1st trimester

A

US for nuchal thickness

serum screening for HCG and PAPP-A

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4
Q

what is the screening tests for DS in the second trimester

A

blood sample assay for HCG and AFP

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5
Q

what HCG and AFP results would suggest DS was present

A

high HCG and low AFP

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6
Q

what 2 diagnostic tests exist for downs syndrome and when are they carried out

A

amniocentesis (>15weeks)

chorionic villus sampling (>12weeks)

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7
Q

what 3 hormones cause insulin resistance in pregnancy

A

growth hormone
placental CRH
human chorionic somammotrophin

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8
Q

how does progesterone prepare for lactation

A

development of the lobule-alveolar system in the mammary tissue

(remember ‘LAP’ - Lobule-Alveolar Progesterone)

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9
Q

what are the 2 main causes of reduced liquor

A
  1. placental insufficiency causing embryo renal underperfusion
  2. burst membranes
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10
Q

what sign is seen on ultrasound that indicates dichorionic twins

A

lambda sign

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11
Q

at what gestational age do you use US to see if there are multiple pregnancies and the pattern of membranes with twins

A

12-14 weeks

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12
Q

how does oestrogen prepare you for lactation

A

causes development of the ductile system in mammary tissue

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13
Q

describe the histological changes of HPV genital warts

A

condyloma acuminatum - papillomatous squamous epithelium with cytoplasmic vacuolation

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14
Q

when is gestational diabetes diagnosed

A

28week OGTT

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15
Q

what is koilocytosis

A

squamous epithelium that has undergone structural changes due to HPV infection

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16
Q

what is the preinvasive phase of endocervical adenocarcinoma

A

CGIN

cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasm

17
Q

what are the 3 types of epithelial ovarian tumours

A

serous
clear cell
endometriod

18
Q

what are the 3 types of germ cell ovarian tumours

A

dysgerminoma (teratoma)
choriocarcinoma
yolk sac

19
Q

why do you check CEA in suspected ovarian cancer

A

if CEA is raised it suggests a GI origin of cancer

20
Q

which breast cancer is always ER +ive

A

lobular carcinoma in situ

21
Q

name 2 fetal indications for induction of labour

A

IUGR

macrosomnia

22
Q

which antibiotic should you give for cover in case of preterm rupture of membranes

A

erythromycin

23
Q

which antibiotic treats PID

A

azithromycin

24
Q

which fetal anomaly can lithium cause

A

Epstein’s anomonly (cardiac anomaly)

25
what treatments are safe for UTI during pregnancy
1st trimester - nitrofurantoin/cephalexin 2nd &3rd trimester - trimethoprim/cephalexin
26
what is the best anti-emetic to give in pregnancy
cyclizine
27
which SSRI can be given to a women who is breastfeeding
sertraline
28
when during pregnancy is a mother's BP lowest
week 24 - due to the expansion of the uterus and placenta, causing reduced BP
29
what scan can you do and when to predict pre eclampsia risk
MUAD 20-24 weeks
30
what on MUAD indicates pre eclampsia risk
notching
31
what makes eclampsia different from pre eclampsia
the presence of tonic clonic seizures
32
at what gestation does BP start to increase again
22-24 weeks - due to compression of fetus on vena cava