Haematology PassMed Flashcards
name the 4 types of Hodgkins lymphoma
nodular sclerosis
mixed cellularity
lymphocyte predominant
lymphocyte depleted
which Hodgkins lymphoma is most common
nodular sclerosing
what does a reed Sternberg cell look like
a nuclei surrounded by a clear space
what disease is associated with smear cells
CLL
what are the CRAB features that myeloma typically presents with
Calcium elevated
Renal failure
Anaemia
Bone pain
when in myeloma is Alk phos usually only elevated
usually only in metastatic disease
how is vWF deficiency inherited
autosomal Dominant
how is a stage 3 Hodgkins lymphoma defined
involvement of LN regions on both sides of the diaphragm
which infection has strong links with lymphoma
EBV
what is a rouleaux formation and what is it characteristic of
a stacking of RBCs seen in a blood film
it suggests a myeloma
what is a ‘pepper pot skull’ characteristic of
primary hyperparathyroidism
what is a ‘rain drop’ skull characteristic of
myeloma
what are the 3 components of the diagnostic criteria for myeloma
- plasmacytoma
- 30% plasma cells in bone marrow sample
- elevated levels of M protein in the blood or urine
what is a plasmacytoma
a tumour of plasma cells that grows in the soft tissue, characteristic of a myeloma
how does factor V Leiden increase chance of VTE
activated factor V is inactivated much more slowly by activated protein C
what age is NHL most common
it has a bi modal age distribution
most common in 3rd and 7th decade
if you suspect lytic bone metastases in a patient with renal failure and anaemia, what investigation do u do
serum protein electrophoresis
ie - urinary Bence Jones protein
in sickle cell, what are thrombotic crises precipitated by
infection, dehydration, deoxygenation
describe the signs of acute sickle chest syndrome
SO, chest pain, pul infiltrates, low Po2
how is a non-haemolytic febrile reaction treated
temporary transfusion termination and an antipyretic (paracetamol)
what transfusion reaction can DIC be a complication of
acute haemolytic transfusion reaction
what Ig is usually responsible for acute haemolytic transfusion reaction
IgM
what is the cause of non-haemolytic febrile reaction
white blood cell HLA antibodies
how do you differentiate between allergic anaphylaxis transfusion reaction and acute haemolytic transfusion reaction
allergic - urticaria, hypotension, SOB, wheezing and stridor
acute haemolytic - fever, ab pain, chest pain, agitation and hypotension
