repro Flashcards
bag of grapes in ultrasound… what happened?
- complete mole
- 46 (XY) all paternal genetic material
- abnormally large, distended uterus with no normal fetal products
normal cell lining of male repro tract, starting with rete testes and ending with urethra
- simple cuboidal with flagella (rete testes)
- pseudostratified columnar with sterocilia (epididymis)
- pseudostratified columnar (vas deferens)
- urothelium (urethra)
monozygotic twins, tell me how many placenta, chorions and amnions if division occurs between [0-4], [4-8], [8-12] days… also which is most common?
- mono or diplacenta, dichorionic/diamniotic
- monoplacenta, monochorionic/diamniotic
- monoplacenta, monochorionic/monoamniotic
- **75% are mono/di due to division during days 4-8
typical lab values in menopause (E2, FSH, LH)
- decreased E2, increased FSH and LH (without surge)
- decreased estrogen is primary actor
histology of pagets disease of the breast…
-large cells with halos, often with underlying islands of tumor cells in fibrous tissue… (pagets often has underlying ductal carcinoma which presents with underlying fibrous tissue on exam)
hormone levels in PCOS (E2, LH, FSH, progesterone)
- hallmark of PCOS is chronically elevated LH… (LH:FSH >3)
- leads to increased androgen and therefore increased E2
- decreased progesterone (no LH surge, no ovulation, no progesterone)
eye infection in neonates can be due to 2 common pathogens, but present at different times, name both and when they are likely to present.
- n. gonorrhea: 2-5 days
- chlamydia: 5-14 days
placental abruption vs placental previa
- abruption slightly more common, associated with smoking, cocaine use, uterine trauma, HTN, fibroids– presents with painful vaginal bleeding
- previa, slightly less common, due to placenta attaching over cervical os, can be diagnosed via ultrasound
primary bacteria of vaginal flora (also what classification are they) and their benefits…
- lactobacilli, gram + facultative anaerobes
- keep the pH low to prevent pathogenic infections
prenatal external genitalia development in boys is due to
-DHT
categorize Brenner’s tumors, bonus point for histo
- epithelial tumor of the ovary (least common subtype)
- nests of transitional cells with coffee bean nuclei along fibrous stroma– cells resemble transitional cells of bladder
triple screen (AFP, b-HCG, estriol) what are two diseases that AFP can tell you about? (one up and one down)
- increased AFP… neural tube defect
- decreased AFP… down syndrome
sildenafil is a medication for… (also MOA, and contraindication). what is another use for this med…
- erectile dysfunction
- inhibition of PDE-5 (phosphodiesterase-5) which prevents degradation of cGMP, enhancing effects of NO
- unsafe in combination with nitrates (unsafe drop in BP)
- pulmonary HTN
call-exner bodies are seen in…
-granulosa cell tumors
friable cervix, greenish discharge… how do you identify it, how do you treat it?
- trichomonas
- giemsa stain, flagellated organisms
- metronidazole
b-HCG levels in normal pregnancy increase at what rate?
-double every 1.5 to 2 days
meig’s syndrome (3)
- benign ovarian cyst
- ascites
- pleural effusion
candida is associated with what vaginal pH…
-normal… (<4.5)
what are cardinal ligaments… what important structures do they contain?
- they are ligaments that help support the cervix
- contain the uterine artery and veins
B-hCG has an identical alpha subunit as… (3)
-FSH, LH, TSH
mumps orchitis causes infertility by what mechanism… (bonus points for type of epithelium that is affected)
-inflammation of the epididymis
penis at 12 disease…
-5alpha-reductase deficiency
in the presence of meullerian inhibiting factor in men, the meullerian ducts become…
-prostatic utricle and APPENDIX testes…
mesonephric ducts become….
SEED
- seminal vesicles
- epididymis
- ejaculatory ducts
- ductus deferns
which hormone is responsible for the change in body temperature exploited by the temperature method of natural family planning?
-progesterone produced by corpus luteum
it is normal to have 1-4 mL of white to yellow vaginal discharge daily.
-i don’t know, remember that.
what chromosome are BRCA1 and BRCA2 located on? (bonus points if you can name another genetic disease located on each)
- BRCA1: chromosome 17… neurofibromatosis type 1 (NFT2 is on 22)
- BRCA2: chromosome 13… retinoblastoma
what does SRY region code for?
- testes determining factor…
* *testes then produce MIH and testosterone
foul smelling green vaginal discharge?
-trichomoniasis
bug with helical shape, two membranes and two flagella
-treponema
triad of preeclampsia…
-HTN, proteinuria, nondependent edema (edema of face and extremities)
multiple masses in the uterine wall and/or submucosa… presents with dysmenorrhea, abnormal bleeding, etc
-fibroids, leimyoma
what do sertoli cells secrete during embryonic development?
-muellerian inhibiting factor
what is the problem in globozoospermia?
-the golgi never matures into the acrosome, leads to male infertility, the sperm are round and cannot fertilize the egg
two most significant factors for increasing risk of testicular cancer
- klienfelters
- cryptorchidism
painful genital ulcer and lymphadenopathy… (name of disease and bonus points for pathogen)
- chancroid
- haemophilus ducreyi
give clinical presentation of hydrops and MOA
- autoimmune attack of RBC’s by maternal IgG across placenta… Rh- mom gives birth to Rh+ kid
- hepatosplenomegaly and ascites
what phase of the cell cycle are oocytes in… from birth until LH surge…. and at the time of ovulation
- prophase I
- metaphase II
what kind of tumor has a “glomeruloid” appearance on histology
-yolk sac
what kind of tumor has fried egg appearance on histology
-seminoma
oligodendroglioma
what hormone helps dilate the cervix during labor…
- oxytocin
- posterior pituitary
name pathogen responsible for itchy, fishy vagina… and tx…
- gardenarella vaginalis
- metronidazole
tx for leiomyoma…
-GnRH agonist… leuprolide
tertiary syphilis affects… (3)
- CNS
- aorta
- MSK
suspensory ligament contains some important structures…
-ovarian artery and vein
most common form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia… what serum marker do you look for…
- 21-hydroxylase deficiency
- 17-hydroxyprogesterone
pelomorphic gram variable rod is… and presents with…
- gardenerella
- itchy, fishy, vagina
complications of preeclampsia.. (4)
- DIC
- ATN
- acute fatty liver
- HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets)
nosocomial UTI…(4) what if it produces red-pigment… (1)
- e.coli, klebsiella, proteus, psuedomonas
- serratia
serratia, most commonly associated with the presentation of …. morphologically, it is classed as….
- nosocomial UTI
- gram negative, facultative anaerobic rod
triple test results with elevated alpha fetoprotein and NL B-hCG and estriol levels….
-neural tube defect
