cardio Flashcards
diseases that can cross placenta (ToRCHeS)
- toxoplasmosis
- rubella
- CMV
- HPV/HIV
- syphilis
maternal risk factor for PDA
-rubella
5 T’s pf neonatal cyanosis
-tetralogy of ballot, transposition of the great vessels, truncus arteriosus, tricuspid atresia, total anomalous pulmonary venous return
kawasaki disease (what is it, who gets it, symptoms, dangerous complication)
- acute, self-limiting vasculitis, small and medium vessels
- common in… asians
- fever, conjuntivitis, changes in lips/oral mucosa, rash
- SE: coronary aneurysms
pathophysiology of viral myocarditis
- infection with– coxsakie, influenza, HIV, CMV, adeno, and echo virus– leads to dilated cardiomyopathy and CHF
- direct myotoxicity via receptor mediated pathway
sensitive and specific test for CHF
- sensitive: elevated b-type natriuretic peptide
- specific: S3
reflex bradycardia effect
- consequence of norepi administration
- increased systemic vascular resistance and return blood flow (alpha 1) increased contractility (beta 1) means that SV and CO increase, so HR can decrease reflexively
asymmetric pulses (cause, and feared complication)
- aortic dissection until proven otherwise
- tamponade
why is that really pregnant lady hypotensive while laying down?
- IVC compression
- tx: lay on left side
familial hypercholesterolemia
-AD defect in cholesterol receptor
major risk factors for aortic dissection
-HTN and cystic medial necrosis (associated with Marfans)
umbilical arteries (what do they do, what happens if you’re missing one)
- transport deoxygenated blood from fetus to placenta
- not a problem on its own, but often an indication of other underlying cardiac or renal abnormality
giant cell arteritis
- same thing as temporal arteritis
- most common systemic vasculitis
- granulomatous inflammation
- tx with steroids to prevent blindness
most common cause of pericarditis
-viral…coxsackie: picornavirus, positive single stranded naked icosahedral RNA virus
thoracic coarctation of the aorta is associated with…
bicuspid aortic valve
embryologic origin of the smooth parts of the left and right ventricles
-bulbus cordis
pompe disease and cardiac effects (pathophys and ECG)
- type II glycogen storage disorder, due to lack of alpha-1,-glucosidase enzyme, necessary for debranching
- glycogen is deposited in the myocardium
- ECG shows short PR and wide QRS
post-ductal coarctation of the aorta (signs and risks)
- higher BP in upper extremities than in lower, rib notching
- risk of cerebral hemorrhage and bacterial endocarditis
rheumatic heart disease causes… (valve, histo, cell types)
-mitral valve stenosis, aschoff bodies with giant multinucleated cells and anitschkow cells
takayasu arteritis (demographic, signs, path)
-asian women, “pulseless disease”, granulomatous changes
most common cardiac defect in Turners syndrome
-coarctation of the aorta, 3-10%
electrolyte imbalance in Digoxin tox… (and symptoms)… what makes it worse
- hyperK, peaked T, blurry and/or yellow vision
- hypoK, K and Digoxin compete for the binding site on Na/K/ATPase, when there is lowK, even more Dig binds
