Misc Flashcards
acute dystonia is caused by… MOA… tx…
- typical antipsychotics
- dopamine blockade leads to extrapyramidal symptoms due to unopposed cholinergic
- anticholinergic like benztropine
two drugs that act on leukotrienes in asthma
- montelukast… receptor antagonist
- zileuton… inhibitor of 5-lipoxegenase (inhibits production)
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
-adverse reaction associated with typical antipsychotics
mebendazole is used for…
-pinworms
college kid with fuzzy infiltrates on X-ray, tx with ceftriaxone, no improvement, switch to… because he has
- macrolide
- atypical pnuemonia due to mycoplasma
flu-like prodrome, ALT>AST, can reach over 10,000, jaundice, icterus etc…. unusual transmission/
- HepA
- fecal/oral
poliovirus mode of transmission
-fecal/oral
mallory bodies look like … on path
-twisted rope
healthy, normal weight person with OSA? think about…
- acromegaly, increased GH after fusion of growth plates
- macroglossia is commonly seen
cardiolipan… is normal in which tissue, is used for dx in which disease?
- inner mitochondrial membrane
- syphilis
abnormally high arch– pes cavus, is seen in… which is due to… (genetics)
- friedrich’s ataxia
- unstable repeats, expansion, dysfunctional protein synthesis (frataxin)
procarbazine is a ….(class) which makes you worry about…
- MAOI
- HTN crisis
positively charged amino acids (3)
-arginine, lysine, histidine
scalded skin syndrome affects what part of skin cells
-desmosomes (or macula adherens)
initial screen for HIV is through… which is confirmed by…
- ELIZA (antigen-antibody)
- western blot
urea cycle begins in… the rest of the steps take place in..
- mitochondrial matrix
- cytoplasm
bonds between… and a… (DNA) are more difficult to break (require more heat to denature) because they have 3 hydrogen bonds
-G and C
Hyper IgM is due to deficiency of
-CD40 on CD4 cells, can’t covert IgM to new Ig types
give… with imipenem, because …
- cilastatin
- it inhibits renal metabolism and nephrotox by dehydropeptidase-I
toxoplasmosis is found in…
-raw meat and cat feces
northern blot detects … using … probe
- RNA
- DNA
southern blot detects … using … probe
- DNA
- DNA
SCID, due to defect in…
-adenosine deaminase
HIV prophylaxis for childbirth is… bad SE is …
- zidovudine
- megaloblastic anemia
cyanide MOA…
-prevents the final stage of oxidative phosphyrlation (oxygen as the ultimate electron acceptor), preventing energy production
a/B tubulin vs gamma-tubulin
- a/B make microtubule spindle fibers
- gamma makes centrioles
slapped cheeks rash…
- parvovirus, B19
- fifth disease
- self-limited
milky blood draw….
-lipoprotein lipase deficiency
essentail AA’s lacking in plant based diet (2)… (kwashiorkor)
- tryptophan
- lysine
interferon gamma is released by… and acts to ….
- T-helper 1 cells
- activate macrophages
wiskott-aldrich (3 features) also genetics
- exzema, thrombocytopenia and increased infections
- recessive defect in WASP gene
passive immunization… (To Be Healed Rapidly)
-Tetanus, Botulinum, Hepatitis B, Rabies
anaphylaxis is triggered by what cellular mechanisms… (complement and effector cells)
- C3a and C5a bind IgE on mast cells and basophils
- Histamine release
what is a hapten? give a (commonly tested) example.
- a molecule that on its own is not immunogenic, but when bound to protein will cause immune response
- penicillin bound to RBC’s causing drug-induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia
to treat MS, you can use a recombinant cytokine….
-B-interferon
HLA-DR2 is associated with…(3)
- MS
- goodpastures
- SLE
HLA-DR4 is associated with… (2)
- T1DM
- RA
name the glucose transporter for:
pancreatic b islet cells, hepatocytes, myocytes, adipocytes, enterocytes, RBCs
- pancreatic beta cells: GLUT2
- hepatocytes: GLUT2
- myocytes: GLUT4
- adipocytes: GLUT4
- enterocytes: SGLT
- RBCs: GLUT1
pertussis is cultured on… (2) (one of which is referred to as a type of tuber)
- bordet-gengou (potato agar)
- regan-lowe
what cell secretes IL-12? what does IL-12 do?
- macrophages
- converts naive T-cells into Th1 cells
brutons agammaglobulinemia… defect in… resulting in…
T cells?
- tyrosine kinase needed for maturation of B-lymphocytes
- low levels of all b-cell types
- T-cells are normal
- Tx: IVIG
HIV med assoc w/bone marrow suppression and megaloblastic anemia
-zidovudine
vaccine to avoid with sz disorder?
-DPT
most common inherited bleeding disorder? what lab values are important? (2)
- Von Willebrands
- PTT and bleeding time
Neurofibromatoma type I vs type II`
- type I: cafe au lait, spine abnormalities, cutaneous nodules (von Recklinghausen), chromosome 17, AD
- type II: aucoustic schwanommas, ependymomas, miningiomas, juveniele cataracts, chromosome 22, AD
leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD), surface receptor is missing?
-CD 18
cherry red and eye exam… think about (2)
- neimann pick
- tay sachs
1st and 2nd line for status epilepticus… (bonus points for MOA)
- benzo… increased frequency of Cl channel opening
- barbituate… increased duration of opening
hernia… MD’s don’t Lie! also, reducibility?
- medial direct (easily reducible)
- lateral indirect (difficult to reduce, more common congenitally)
anti-IgG is also known as…
-rheumatoid factor
Gq coupled protein receptors are found with…..
-histamine1, muscarinic 1 and 3, alpha 1
homogenistic acid deficiency… clinical presentation
- black urine
- hyperpigmented cartilage
- joint pain
- nephrolithiasis
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- steroid synthesis
- membrane synthesis and repair
- detoxification
drugs that follow zero-order elimination (decrease linearly with time) (3)
- PEA
- phenytoin, ethanol, aspirin (high dose)
PKU results in build up of…. and deficiency of…
- phenylalanine
- tyrosine
lesch neyan can cause what blood abnormality
-b12 deficiency and megaloblastic anemia
amantidine is used in two conditions, name them, and the MOA in each
- flu… binds to M2 protein, inhibiting pump, preventing viral uncaoting
- parkinsons… stimulates release of endogenous DA
infections with both staph and strep, and some albinism…
-chédiak-higashi
maple syrup urine dz has…. urinary glucose levels
- low
- hypoglycemic
basophilic stippling, associated with…
-lead poisoning
