Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

USMLE > pulm > Flashcards

pulm Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

lecthin:sphingomyelin ratio (what is considered normal (or less risk))

A
  • indicator of lung development and surfactant production

- >2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

surgery? non-small cell vs small cell cancer

A

surgery in NSCC, chemo in SCC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

mesothelioma high risk in what population (also, what stain)

A
  • people exposed to asbestos
  • shipbuilders and plumbers
  • prussian blue, hemosiderin surrounding fibers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

keratin pearls and intercellular bridging

A

-squamous cell lung cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

emphysema (MOA of reduced oxygenation)

A
  • neutrophil elastase activity increased by smoking
  • destruction of alveoli
  • decreased ability of oxygen to diffuse across damaged walls
  • obstructive lung disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

situs inversus (associated with…) (kartagener’s syndrome)

A
  • complete reversal of organs, due to ciliary dyskinesia
  • assoc with: bronchiectasis and chronic sinusitis
  • sperm can’t swim!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

basilar hyperlucency (associated with)

A

-emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

alpha 1 anti-trypsin (pathophys, and associated disease)

A
  • defective protein misfolded, decreased activity leads to increase elastase activity –> destruction of alveoli
  • panacinar emphysema
  • hepatic cirrhosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

legionella (what does it cause, how is it transmitted, what are the symptoms, what does the gram stain look like?)

A
  • common cause of community acquired pneumonia
  • not transmitted person to person, but through water sources
  • acute onset high fever and pneumonia
  • neutrophils and no organisms on stain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

common cold caused by what… (name 3 most common and structure (RNA, DNA, dsDNA etc)

A
  • rhinovirus (50%), corona virus (10%), RSV (10%)

- single stranded RNA (rhino naked, corona enveloped)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

drug that can induce asthma (and associated weird symptom)

A
  • aspirin

- nasal polyp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

most common cause of pink eye

A
  • adenovirus (naked icosahedral dsDNA)

- self-limited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

bordella purtussis grows on…

A

bordet-gengou agar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

tennis racquet cells are pathognomonic for…. (and cell markers)

A
  • langerhans cell histiocytosis

- S-100 and CD1a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

name of drug given to premature babies with insufficient surfactant

A

-phosphatidylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

nuerotoxic SE of INH…

A
  • burning/tingling in fingers, due to decreased B6

- supplemental B6 can improve symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

erythema nudism is an extra pulmonary manifestation of… (also in a GI condition…)

A
  • sarcoid

- crohns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

oral candidiasis in asthma due to… (fix it by…)

A
  • inhaled corticosteroids

- rinsing mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

pancoasts tumor

A
  • tumor of the apex of the lung, compressing superior cervical sympathetic ganglion
  • results in horner’s syndrome
  • smoking is risk factor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

air crescent sign (name pathogen, and physical form)

A
  • pulmonary aspergillosis

- 45 degree branching septate hyphae, rare fruiting bodies

21
Q

most common malignancy associated with exposure to asbestos? second?

A
  • brochogenic carcinoma

- mesothelioma

22
Q

what are club cells? what do they do (2 things)

A
  • cells responsible for producing protein component of surfactant
  • responsible for CYP450 dependent oxidase activity which detoxifies inhaled materials
23
Q

most common cause of atypical pneumonia? what is the difficulty in identifying this organism

A
  • mycoplasma pnuemonia

- takes weeks to culture, use cold agglutinin test

24
Q

eosinophilia in sputum sample… (NAACP)

A

-neoplasm, allergic, asthma, collagen vascular diseases, parasites

25
Q

sputum of asthma patients contains… (3 things)

A
  • eos
  • curshmanns spirals
  • charcot-leyden crystals
26
Q

thumbprint sign… (indicative of what condition… causative organism?)

A
  • epiglottitis

- h.flu

27
Q

hypercalcemia of malignancy is most often due to…

A

-squamous cell lung cancer

28
Q

what is dipalmitoyl phophatidylcholine and what cell makes it?

A

-surfactant, type II pneumocytes

29
Q

type II pneumocytes have two main jobs, name them.

A
  • produce surfactant

- proliferation after lung damage

30
Q

what cells make ADH, serotonin, calcitonin etc in the lungs?

A

-bronchial cells of kulchitsky

31
Q

what viral illness precedes lobar pneumonia in an otherwise healthy individual? (and structure of virus)

A

-influenza… enveloped, segmented, single-stranded RNA

32
Q

leading cause of death for CF pts

A

-pseudomonas

33
Q

panacinar vs centriacinar emphysema

A
  • pan: alpha-1-antitrypsin

- centri: smoking

34
Q

wheezing localizing respiratory problems to….

A

-bronchioles

35
Q

OSA causes… that leads to compensatory….

A
  • respiratory acidosis

- increased HCO3 absorption by kidney

36
Q

things are most likely to lodge in the…

A

right main bronchus

37
Q

zeill-nielson stain

A

TB (and other mycobacterium)

38
Q

nocardia asteroides (presents like… but can be differentiated by… tx with…)

A
  • TB, but with more brain abscesses, typically in immunocompromised pts.
  • also acid fast (but weakly), however, gram positive filaments
  • tx with sulfas
39
Q

which bug belongs to which medium:

  • bordet-gengou
  • chocolate agar with factors V and X
  • tellurite
  • theyer-martin
A
  • bordet-gengou…. purtussis
  • chocolate agar with factors V and X… H. influenza
  • tellurite…. diphtheria
  • theyer-martin…. gonorrhea
40
Q

anatomy of lung… where is the horizontal fissure located

A

-just behind the 4th rib

41
Q

lung exam: if you have decreased breath sounds, you think it could be one of two things… to distinguish those you do a tactile fremitus/egophony– what are the two main things you’re distinguishing between

A
  • decreased breath sounds = less air… consolidation or effusion
  • increased fremitus/egophony, consolidation
  • no increased fremitus/egophony, effusion
42
Q

genetics of CFTR (chromosome number and specific mutation), and end result

A
  • deletion at F508 on chromosome 7
  • misfolded CFTR protein, channel which is important for secreting Cl- in GI and respiratory tracts as well as reabsorbing Cl- from sweat is not transported to membrane
  • thick mucous in GI and respiratory, and elevated Cl- in sweat
43
Q

disease that comes in two phases, first somewhat nonspecific symptoms, second with hemorrhagic mediastinitis, bloody pleural effusions and mediastinal widening on CXR (probably a stem with a farm and sheep)

A

-bacillus anthracis, or ‘wool sorters disease’

44
Q

smoker with large hilar mass with cavitation makes you think… which is associated with…

A
  • squamous cell carcinoma

- PTHrP, elevated calcium in the blood

45
Q

allergic rhinitis is an example of which type of immune reaction… it causes…

A
  • type I

- angioedema due to IgE mediated release of histamine from mast cells and basophils

46
Q

honeycomb pattern? name disease and common phenotype.

A
  • desquamative interstitial pnemonia

- middle aged, smoker, gradual onset, restrictive pattern

47
Q

what is a syncytium?

A

-a multinucleated cell formed by fusion of nearby cells, ala RSV

48
Q

what is the chloride shift?

A

when the body gets hypercapnic, increased CO2 gets picked up by RBC’s, carbonic anhydrase converts it to bicarb which is extruded into blood for Cl-

49
Q

histamine 1 vs histamine 2 receptors

A
  • histamine 1 receptors are located in nasal and bronchial mucosa, implicated in seasonal allergies
  • histamine 2 receptors are located in stomach and affect GI acid secretion

USMLE (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions