Bugs Flashcards
Candida
germ tube positive fungus (associated with HIV)
Giardia
- small bowel inflammation and villous atrophy –> malabsorption
- tx: metronidazole (ADR w/alcohol, disulfram!)
Entamoeba histolytica
- fecal-oral transmission, often via water, presents with bloody mucoid diarrhea
- amoeba with ingested RBC’s on microscopy
- liver abscesses (infiltrative enzyme tests: only elevated alk phos)
- tx: metronidazole (ADR with alcohol, disulfram!)
Shigella
- bloody diarrhea, fever
- gram negative rods, do not ferment lactose, DOES produce hydrogen sulfide
Salmonella
- gram negative rods, do not ferment lactose, motile
- can make it worse if treated with antibiotics
E. coli 0157:H7
- bloody diarrhea, NO fever
- gram negative, oxidase negative
- **hemolytic uremic syndrome)
- undercooked hamburger
- can be made worse by Tx with antibiotics, supportive only
- shiga toxin, part A and B– B binds cell membrane, A inactivates ribosomes…cell death
rotavirus
- most common cause worldwide of infantile diarrhea
- supportive Tx
- destroys brush border, can lead to transient lactose intolerance
- single stranded RNA, carries its own polymerase
brucella melitensis
- comes from unpasteurized dairy, or direct contact with livestock
- undulating fever
- gram negative coccobaccili
bartonella spp
cat scratch
trichinella
bear, fox, cat
C. difficile
- gram positive anaerobe
- Tx: metronidazole or IV vanco
Corynebacterium diptheriea
- gram positive rod
- MOA: toxin inhibits protein synthesis by ADP ribosylation of elongation factor 2
- induces apoptosis
Campylobacter jejuni
- gram negative, comma shaped, single polar flagellum
- vomitting, bloody diarrhea
- fecal-oral transmission
- associated with Guillen-Barré
- tx with erythromycin (inhibits 50s)
Echinoccocus granulosus
- parasitic tapeworm found in feces of kangaroo, wallabies
- causes liver cysts
- tx: with albendazole - inhibits tubulin polymerization
HAV (hepA)
-single stranded linear RNA
actinomyces israeleii
- normal flora of GI tract, known for forming abcesses
- important characteristic is sulfur granules
- tx: with simple penicillin
parvovirus b19
- fifth disease
- slapped cheek rash
- pruritic maculopapular rash, starts on extremities and spreads to trunk
- no prodromal symptomology
borrelia burgdorferi
- intracellular, rod shaped, causes lyme disease
- tx: doxycycline
francisella tularensis
- cause of tularemia
- carried in rabbits, transmitted by ticks
- ulcerated lesion with black base
pastuerella multocida
- found in normal oral flora of dogs and cats
- creates abcesses
- gram negative rod
yersinia pestis
- cause of the plague, prevalent in prairie dogs
- exquisitely tender lymph nodes, painful ulcerations on skin
- can lead to DIC
bacillus anthracis
-cutaneous anthrax, painless ulcers with black scabs
EBV
- linear dsDNA
- assoc. with Burkitt’s lymphoma
Ehrlichia chaffeenis
- carried by common dog tick, in the order of rickettsia
- tx: with doxycycline
shistosoma mansoni
- katayama fever
- markedly enlarged spleen and liver, hugely elevated Eos
- water supply in middle east, and africa
- bugs mate in the body then lay tons of eggs (can form granulomas)
rabies virus
- single stranded, enveloped RNA virus
- rhabdovirus family
- hydrophobia and hyper salivation
- negri body inclusions on path
naegleria fowleri
- swimming in freshwater lakes
- rapid progressive meningoencephalopathy
- amoeba in the CSF, amphoterrible might work, most times it doesn’t
toxoplasmosis gondii
-new onset Sz and focal neurological deficits in an HIV pt with CD4 below 100
latose fermenters vs non-fermenters MacConkey agar
- lactose fermenters are pink
- non-fermenters are clear or brown
calicivirus (structure… and name 2 common) (single or double strand, positive or negative, linear or circular, shape and envelop or no envelope)
- single stranded, positive sense, linear, nonsegmented RNA, icosahedral, no envelope
- hepatitis E
- norovirus
paramyxovirus (structure, 4 common types) ((single or double strand, positive or negative, linear or circular, shape and envelop or no envelope))
- single stranded, negative sense, linear, nonsegmented RNA, helical, enveloped
- parainfluenza (croup), RSV, measles and mumps
- same exact structure but segmented…influenza virus
