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Bugs Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Candida

A

germ tube positive fungus (associated with HIV)

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2
Q

Giardia

A
  • small bowel inflammation and villous atrophy –> malabsorption
  • tx: metronidazole (ADR w/alcohol, disulfram!)
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3
Q

Entamoeba histolytica

A
  • fecal-oral transmission, often via water, presents with bloody mucoid diarrhea
  • amoeba with ingested RBC’s on microscopy
  • liver abscesses (infiltrative enzyme tests: only elevated alk phos)
  • tx: metronidazole (ADR with alcohol, disulfram!)
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4
Q

Shigella

A
  • bloody diarrhea, fever

- gram negative rods, do not ferment lactose, DOES produce hydrogen sulfide

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5
Q

Salmonella

A
  • gram negative rods, do not ferment lactose, motile

- can make it worse if treated with antibiotics

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6
Q

E. coli 0157:H7

A
  • bloody diarrhea, NO fever
  • gram negative, oxidase negative
  • **hemolytic uremic syndrome)
  • undercooked hamburger
  • can be made worse by Tx with antibiotics, supportive only
  • shiga toxin, part A and B– B binds cell membrane, A inactivates ribosomes…cell death
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7
Q

rotavirus

A
  • most common cause worldwide of infantile diarrhea
  • supportive Tx
  • destroys brush border, can lead to transient lactose intolerance
  • single stranded RNA, carries its own polymerase
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8
Q

brucella melitensis

A
  • comes from unpasteurized dairy, or direct contact with livestock
  • undulating fever
  • gram negative coccobaccili
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9
Q

bartonella spp

A

cat scratch

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10
Q

trichinella

A

bear, fox, cat

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11
Q

C. difficile

A
  • gram positive anaerobe

- Tx: metronidazole or IV vanco

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12
Q

Corynebacterium diptheriea

A
  • gram positive rod
  • MOA: toxin inhibits protein synthesis by ADP ribosylation of elongation factor 2
  • induces apoptosis
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13
Q

Campylobacter jejuni

A
  • gram negative, comma shaped, single polar flagellum
  • vomitting, bloody diarrhea
  • fecal-oral transmission
  • associated with Guillen-Barré
  • tx with erythromycin (inhibits 50s)
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14
Q

Echinoccocus granulosus

A
  • parasitic tapeworm found in feces of kangaroo, wallabies
  • causes liver cysts
  • tx: with albendazole - inhibits tubulin polymerization
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15
Q

HAV (hepA)

A

-single stranded linear RNA

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16
Q

actinomyces israeleii

A
  • normal flora of GI tract, known for forming abcesses
  • important characteristic is sulfur granules
  • tx: with simple penicillin
17
Q

parvovirus b19

A
  • fifth disease
  • slapped cheek rash
  • pruritic maculopapular rash, starts on extremities and spreads to trunk
  • no prodromal symptomology
18
Q

borrelia burgdorferi

A
  • intracellular, rod shaped, causes lyme disease

- tx: doxycycline

19
Q

francisella tularensis

A
  • cause of tularemia
  • carried in rabbits, transmitted by ticks
  • ulcerated lesion with black base
20
Q

pastuerella multocida

A
  • found in normal oral flora of dogs and cats
  • creates abcesses
  • gram negative rod
21
Q

yersinia pestis

A
  • cause of the plague, prevalent in prairie dogs
  • exquisitely tender lymph nodes, painful ulcerations on skin
  • can lead to DIC
22
Q

bacillus anthracis

A

-cutaneous anthrax, painless ulcers with black scabs

23
Q

EBV

A
  • linear dsDNA

- assoc. with Burkitt’s lymphoma

24
Q

Ehrlichia chaffeenis

A
  • carried by common dog tick, in the order of rickettsia

- tx: with doxycycline

25
Q

shistosoma mansoni

A
  • katayama fever
  • markedly enlarged spleen and liver, hugely elevated Eos
  • water supply in middle east, and africa
  • bugs mate in the body then lay tons of eggs (can form granulomas)
26
Q

rabies virus

A
  • single stranded, enveloped RNA virus
  • rhabdovirus family
  • hydrophobia and hyper salivation
  • negri body inclusions on path
27
Q

naegleria fowleri

A
  • swimming in freshwater lakes
  • rapid progressive meningoencephalopathy
  • amoeba in the CSF, amphoterrible might work, most times it doesn’t
28
Q

toxoplasmosis gondii

A

-new onset Sz and focal neurological deficits in an HIV pt with CD4 below 100

29
Q

latose fermenters vs non-fermenters MacConkey agar

A
  • lactose fermenters are pink

- non-fermenters are clear or brown

30
Q

calicivirus (structure… and name 2 common) (single or double strand, positive or negative, linear or circular, shape and envelop or no envelope)

A
  • single stranded, positive sense, linear, nonsegmented RNA, icosahedral, no envelope
  • hepatitis E
  • norovirus
31
Q

paramyxovirus (structure, 4 common types) ((single or double strand, positive or negative, linear or circular, shape and envelop or no envelope))

A
  • single stranded, negative sense, linear, nonsegmented RNA, helical, enveloped
  • parainfluenza (croup), RSV, measles and mumps
  • same exact structure but segmented…influenza virus

USMLE (17 decks)

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