Repro 1

Question 1

reproductive processes mediated by a hierarchy arrangement of _____ ultimately under the control of the __ , but with complex regulatory mechanisms operating between the various __ of the hierarchy.

Answer 1

endocrine glands
CNS
levels

Question 2

What are the # chemical classes?

Answer 2

2
water soluble
Lipid soluble

Question 3

hormones of the water soluble chemical class aka ?

Answer 3

peptides and proteins

Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinising hormone (LH)
Oxytocin

Question 4

water soluble aka

Answer 4

peptides and proteins

Question 5

lipid soluble

Answer 5

steroid hormones

Question 6

Lipid hormone aka … hormones?

Answer 6

steroid hormones
Androgen
Oestrogens
Progestagens

Question 7

Where are sites of secretion
GnRh \_\_\_\_
Androgens\_\_
Follicle-stimulating hormone \_\_\_
Oestrogens \_\_\_
Luteinising hormone \_\_\_\_
Progestagens \_\_\_
Oxytocin \_\_\_

Answer 7

Hypothalamus
Testes
Anterior pituitary
Ovary 
anterior pituitary 
ovary
posterior pituitary

Question 8

which ____ are secreted from the anterior pituitary.

Answer 8

hormones
Follicle-stimulating hormone
luteinising hormone

Question 9

Principle steroid hormones of the following?

Testosterone 
5alpha dihydrotestosterone
Oestradiol
Progesterone
Oestrone
Oestriol

Answer 9

Androgens
Androgens
Oestrogen
progesterone 
oestrogen 
oestrogen

Question 10

role of hypothalamus

Answer 10

homeostatic regulator for
 reproduction, 
stress, 
body temperature, 
hunger, 
thirst, 
sleep

Question 11

which organ is called neuroendocrine?

Answer 11

hypothalamus

Question 12

why is the ___ called a neuroendocrine organ?

Answer 12

hypothalamus

because it processes both neural and hormonal information

Question 13

______ pituitary releases hormones.
______ are aggregated into the nuclei.
____ posses long axon tracts which pass into the _____
The _____ ______ hormones are synthesized in the ____ , travel bound to ___ ___ down to the axon terminals stored as ______.

Nerve impulses travel _____ to _____ _____ of the ______ , releasing the ___ hormones. The # neurosecretory ____ hormones are ____ and ____.

_____ and ________ synthesised in the hypothalamus and transported to the _____ pituitary, where they are stored and released.

The hormones have very similar ____

Answer 13

Posterior 
Neurosecretory neurones
Neuroseceretory cells
posterior pituitary
neurosecretory peptide 
hypothalamus
carrier proteins
secretory vescicles

along the axon 
trigger exocytosis
secretory vesicles 
peptide
2
peptide
oxytocin 
antidiuretic hormone (ADH or vasopressin)

The 2 neurosecretory peptide hormones oxytocin and antidiuretic.

Question 14

males have ___ fertility and females have ___ fertility

Answer 14

constant 
cyclical (3-5 days per month)

Question 15

____ fertility gradual decline with age

Answer 15

male

Question 16

____ fertility declining with ___

Answer 16

female

declining to 0 with menopause

Question 17

smallest cell in the body?

Answer 17

sperm

Question 18

largest cell in the body?

Answer 18

female egg

Question 19

endocrine glands controlling reproductive processes

Answer 19

Adrenal gland
hypothalamus
pituitary

Question 20

adrenal glands are part of the ____ system?

Answer 20

repro and endo

Question 21

___ controls the pituitary gland

Answer 21

hypothalamus

Question 22

Components of the endocrine system

Answer 22

hypothalamus
pituitary
pineal
thyroid
parathyroid
pancreas
adrenal
gonads

Question 23

components of the reproductive system

Answer 23

??

Question 24

which system are the following organs from?
hypothalamus
pituitary gland
adrenal
gonads

Answer 24

endo
endo
repro and endo
repro and endo

Question 25

acive form of testosterone?

Answer 25

5 alpha dihydrotestosterone

Question 26

dominant type of molecule found in the principal steroid hormone oestrogen

Answer 26

oestradiol

Question 27

main type of molecule found in the principal steroid hormone progestagen

Answer 27

progesterone

Question 28

what hormones are made-up off cholesterol?

Answer 28

prinicple hormones Androgens (testosterone, 5 alpha dihydrotestosteron) oestrogen (oestradiol - dominant, oestrone, oestrotriol) progestagen (progestorone - main)

Question 29

main functions of gonads

Answer 29

2 produce gametes produce reproductive hormones

Question 30

Pathway of hormones binding to receptor

Answer 30

hormones are produced from the endocrine cells and circulate in the blood capillaries and binds to the hormone receptor of a specific target cell.

Question 31

pathway of hormone example: Testosterone released by _____ travels to _____ and then ____ to ______ of ______ called ____

Answer 31

``` endocrine cells capillaries binds the receptor (androgen receptor) the specific target cell ```

Question 32

receptors are found __

Answer 32

attached/on the target cell

Question 33

gonadrotophins

Answer 33

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) | LH (leutinising hormone)

Question 34

primarily female hormone

Answer 34

progesterone

Question 35

___ produced by female adipose tissue | ___ produced by male adipose tissue

Answer 35

androgens | oestrogen

Question 36

water-soluble hormones circulate in the ___ and bind to ___

Answer 36

blood | surface cell receptors

Question 37

___ soluble hormones have to be attached to a ___ in order to be ____ ( a ____ percentage of ____ is free which ___ into ____). The hormone _____ to ___

Answer 37

``` lipid transport protein transported around in the blood small lipid soluble hormones diffuse cells doesn't bind to surface receptors as the receptors are located inside the cell ```

Question 38

how do steroid hormones work? overview and be specific

Answer 38

They change gene expression of The lipid soluble hormones will be transported through the blood streamed attached to key transport molecules (proteins) to allow them to be dissolved in the blood and not cause any problems with things such as coagulation. A small percentage of the lipid soluble hormones in the blood are free floating. The hormones bind do not bind to cell-surface receptors as the receptors are found inside the cytoplasm or nucleus of the cell. enter cell> bind to receptor > change gene expression

Question 39

slow/fast? the process of lipid soluble hormones changing the gene expression why?

Answer 39

slow (hours-months) to have effect eg. menstrual cycle | slow= no phosphorylation cascade

Question 40

____ ____ or ___ will make a person infertile

Answer 40

removing the hypothalamus or pituitary gland

Question 41

regular nerves vs neurosecretory nerves

Answer 41

regular nerves: conduct nerve impulse, releasing neurotransmitters neurosecretory nerves: conduct nerve impulse, synthesise, carry and release neurosecretory peptide hormones

Question 42

regular nerves secrete ___ | ______ nerves secrete ____

Answer 42

neurotransmitters neurosecretory neurosecretory peptide hormones

Question 43

neurosecretory ____ are synthesised in ___ travel ____ and are ____ as ___

Answer 43

hormones?? cell bodies (hypothalamus) bound to carrier proteins down the axon terminals stored secretory vesicles, ready for a signal eg. baby crying=milk production

Question 44

neurosecretory _____ aggregated into nuclei, long axon tracts which ____ the ____

Answer 44

?? pass through anterior pituitary

Question 45

_____ travel along the ____ to ___ of the ____.

Answer 45

nerve impulses axon trigger exocytosis secretory vesicles, releasing the peptide hormones into the arteries below which will carry out its function.