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Repro 1 Flashcards

1
Q

reproductive processes mediated by a hierarchy arrangement of _____ ultimately under the control of the __ , but with complex regulatory mechanisms operating between the various __ of the hierarchy.

A

endocrine glands
CNS
levels

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2
Q

What are the # chemical classes?

A

2
water soluble
Lipid soluble

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3
Q

hormones of the water soluble chemical class aka ?

A

peptides and proteins

Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinising hormone (LH)
Oxytocin

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4
Q

water soluble aka

A

peptides and proteins

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5
Q

lipid soluble

A

steroid hormones

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6
Q

Lipid hormone aka … hormones?

A

steroid hormones
Androgen
Oestrogens
Progestagens

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7
Q 
Where are sites of secretion
GnRh \_\_\_\_
Androgens\_\_
Follicle-stimulating hormone \_\_\_
Oestrogens \_\_\_
Luteinising hormone \_\_\_\_
Progestagens \_\_\_
Oxytocin \_\_\_
A 
Hypothalamus
Testes
Anterior pituitary
Ovary 
anterior pituitary 
ovary
posterior pituitary
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8
Q

which ____ are secreted from the anterior pituitary.

A

hormones
Follicle-stimulating hormone
luteinising hormone

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9
Q

Principle steroid hormones of the following?

Testosterone 
5alpha dihydrotestosterone
Oestradiol
Progesterone
Oestrone
Oestriol
A 
Androgens
Androgens
Oestrogen
progesterone 
oestrogen 
oestrogen
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10
Q

role of hypothalamus

A 
homeostatic regulator for
 reproduction, 
stress, 
body temperature, 
hunger, 
thirst, 
sleep
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11
Q

which organ is called neuroendocrine?

A

hypothalamus

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12
Q

why is the ___ called a neuroendocrine organ?

A

hypothalamus

because it processes both neural and hormonal information

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13
Q

______ pituitary releases hormones.
______ are aggregated into the nuclei.
____ posses long axon tracts which pass into the _____
The _____ ______ hormones are synthesized in the ____ , travel bound to ___ ___ down to the axon terminals stored as ______.

Nerve impulses travel _____ to _____ _____ of the ______ , releasing the ___ hormones. The # neurosecretory ____ hormones are ____ and ____.

_____ and ________ synthesised in the hypothalamus and transported to the _____ pituitary, where they are stored and released.

The hormones have very similar ____

A 
Posterior 
Neurosecretory neurones
Neuroseceretory cells
posterior pituitary
neurosecretory peptide 
hypothalamus
carrier proteins
secretory vescicles
along the axon 
trigger exocytosis
secretory vesicles 
peptide
2
peptide
oxytocin 
antidiuretic hormone (ADH or vasopressin)

The 2 neurosecretory peptide hormones oxytocin and antidiuretic.

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14
Q

males have ___ fertility and females have ___ fertility

A 
constant 
cyclical (3-5 days per month)
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15
Q

____ fertility gradual decline with age

A

male

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16
Q

____ fertility declining with ___

A

female

declining to 0 with menopause

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17
Q

smallest cell in the body?

A

sperm

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18
Q

largest cell in the body?

A

female egg

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19
Q

endocrine glands controlling reproductive processes

A

Adrenal gland
hypothalamus
pituitary

20
Q

adrenal glands are part of the ____ system?

A

repro and endo

21
Q

___ controls the pituitary gland

A

hypothalamus

22
Q

Components of the endocrine system

A 
hypothalamus
pituitary
pineal
thyroid
parathyroid
pancreas
adrenal
gonads
23
Q

components of the reproductive system

A

??

24
Q 
which system are the following organs from?
hypothalamus
pituitary gland
adrenal
gonads
A

endo
endo
repro and endo
repro and endo

25
Q

acive form of testosterone?

A

5 alpha dihydrotestosterone

26
Q

dominant type of molecule found in the principal steroid hormone oestrogen

A

oestradiol

27
Q

main type of molecule found in the principal steroid hormone progestagen

A

progesterone

28
Q

what hormones are made-up off cholesterol?

A

prinicple hormones
Androgens (testosterone, 5 alpha dihydrotestosteron)

oestrogen
(oestradiol - dominant, oestrone, oestrotriol)

progestagen (progestorone - main)

29
Q

main functions of gonads

A

2
produce gametes
produce reproductive hormones

30
Q

Pathway of hormones binding to receptor

A

hormones are produced from the endocrine cells and circulate in the blood capillaries and binds to the hormone receptor of a specific target cell.

31
Q

pathway of hormone example:

Testosterone released by _____ travels to _____ and then ____ to ______ of ______ called ____

A 
endocrine cells 
capillaries 
binds
the receptor (androgen receptor)
the specific target cell
32
Q

receptors are found __

A

attached/on the target cell

33
Q

gonadrotophins

A

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

LH (leutinising hormone)

34
Q

primarily female hormone

A

progesterone

35
Q

___ produced by female adipose tissue

___ produced by male adipose tissue

A

androgens

oestrogen

36
Q

water-soluble hormones circulate in the ___ and bind to ___

A

blood

surface cell receptors

37
Q

___ soluble hormones have to be attached to a ___ in order to be ____ ( a ____ percentage of ____ is free which ___ into ____). The hormone _____ to ___

A 
lipid
transport protein
transported around in the blood
small
lipid soluble hormones
diffuse
cells
doesn't bind to surface receptors as the receptors are located inside the cell
38
Q

how do steroid hormones work? overview and be specific

A

They change gene expression of

The lipid soluble hormones will be transported through the blood streamed attached to key transport molecules (proteins) to allow them to be dissolved in the blood and not cause any problems with things such as coagulation. A small percentage of the lipid soluble hormones in the blood are free floating. The hormones bind do not bind to cell-surface receptors as the receptors are found inside the cytoplasm or nucleus of the cell.

enter cell> bind to receptor > change gene expression

39
Q

slow/fast? the process of lipid soluble hormones changing the gene expression why?

A

slow (hours-months) to have effect eg. menstrual cycle

slow= no phosphorylation cascade

40
Q

____ ____ or ___ will make a person infertile

A

removing the hypothalamus or pituitary gland

41
Q

regular nerves vs neurosecretory nerves

A

regular nerves:
conduct nerve impulse, releasing neurotransmitters

neurosecretory nerves:
conduct nerve impulse, synthesise, carry and release neurosecretory peptide hormones

42
Q

regular nerves secrete ___

______ nerves secrete ____

A

neurotransmitters
neurosecretory
neurosecretory peptide hormones

43
Q

neurosecretory ____ are synthesised in ___ travel ____ and are ____ as ___

A

hormones??
cell bodies (hypothalamus)
bound to carrier proteins down the axon terminals
stored
secretory vesicles, ready for a signal eg. baby crying=milk production

44
Q

neurosecretory _____ aggregated into nuclei, long axon tracts which ____ the ____

A

??
pass through
anterior pituitary

45
Q

_____ travel along the ____ to ___ of the ____.

A

nerve impulses
axon
trigger exocytosis
secretory vesicles, releasing the peptide hormones into the arteries below which will carry out its function.

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