Repro 1 Flashcards
reproductive processes mediated by a hierarchy arrangement of _____ ultimately under the control of the __ , but with complex regulatory mechanisms operating between the various __ of the hierarchy.
endocrine glands
CNS
levels
What are the # chemical classes?
2
water soluble
Lipid soluble
hormones of the water soluble chemical class aka ?
peptides and proteins
Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinising hormone (LH)
Oxytocin
water soluble aka
peptides and proteins
lipid soluble
steroid hormones
Lipid hormone aka … hormones?
steroid hormones
Androgen
Oestrogens
Progestagens
Where are sites of secretion GnRh \_\_\_\_ Androgens\_\_ Follicle-stimulating hormone \_\_\_ Oestrogens \_\_\_ Luteinising hormone \_\_\_\_ Progestagens \_\_\_ Oxytocin \_\_\_
Hypothalamus Testes Anterior pituitary Ovary anterior pituitary ovary posterior pituitary
which ____ are secreted from the anterior pituitary.
hormones
Follicle-stimulating hormone
luteinising hormone
Principle steroid hormones of the following?
Testosterone 5alpha dihydrotestosterone Oestradiol Progesterone Oestrone Oestriol
Androgens Androgens Oestrogen progesterone oestrogen oestrogen
role of hypothalamus
homeostatic regulator for reproduction, stress, body temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep
which organ is called neuroendocrine?
hypothalamus
why is the ___ called a neuroendocrine organ?
hypothalamus
because it processes both neural and hormonal information
______ pituitary releases hormones.
______ are aggregated into the nuclei.
____ posses long axon tracts which pass into the _____
The _____ ______ hormones are synthesized in the ____ , travel bound to ___ ___ down to the axon terminals stored as ______.
Nerve impulses travel _____ to _____ _____ of the ______ , releasing the ___ hormones. The # neurosecretory ____ hormones are ____ and ____.
_____ and ________ synthesised in the hypothalamus and transported to the _____ pituitary, where they are stored and released.
The hormones have very similar ____
Posterior Neurosecretory neurones Neuroseceretory cells posterior pituitary neurosecretory peptide hypothalamus carrier proteins secretory vescicles
along the axon trigger exocytosis secretory vesicles peptide 2 peptide oxytocin antidiuretic hormone (ADH or vasopressin)
The 2 neurosecretory peptide hormones oxytocin and antidiuretic.
males have ___ fertility and females have ___ fertility
constant cyclical (3-5 days per month)
____ fertility gradual decline with age
male
____ fertility declining with ___
female
declining to 0 with menopause
smallest cell in the body?
sperm
largest cell in the body?
female egg
endocrine glands controlling reproductive processes
Adrenal gland
hypothalamus
pituitary
adrenal glands are part of the ____ system?
repro and endo
___ controls the pituitary gland
hypothalamus
Components of the endocrine system
hypothalamus pituitary pineal thyroid parathyroid pancreas adrenal gonads
components of the reproductive system
??
which system are the following organs from? hypothalamus pituitary gland adrenal gonads
endo
endo
repro and endo
repro and endo
acive form of testosterone?
5 alpha dihydrotestosterone
dominant type of molecule found in the principal steroid hormone oestrogen
oestradiol
main type of molecule found in the principal steroid hormone progestagen
progesterone
what hormones are made-up off cholesterol?
prinicple hormones
Androgens (testosterone, 5 alpha dihydrotestosteron)
oestrogen
(oestradiol - dominant, oestrone, oestrotriol)
progestagen (progestorone - main)
main functions of gonads
2
produce gametes
produce reproductive hormones
Pathway of hormones binding to receptor
hormones are produced from the endocrine cells and circulate in the blood capillaries and binds to the hormone receptor of a specific target cell.
pathway of hormone example:
Testosterone released by _____ travels to _____ and then ____ to ______ of ______ called ____
endocrine cells capillaries binds the receptor (androgen receptor) the specific target cell
receptors are found __
attached/on the target cell
gonadrotophins
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
LH (leutinising hormone)
primarily female hormone
progesterone
___ produced by female adipose tissue
___ produced by male adipose tissue
androgens
oestrogen
water-soluble hormones circulate in the ___ and bind to ___
blood
surface cell receptors
___ soluble hormones have to be attached to a ___ in order to be ____ ( a ____ percentage of ____ is free which ___ into ____). The hormone _____ to ___
lipid transport protein transported around in the blood small lipid soluble hormones diffuse cells doesn't bind to surface receptors as the receptors are located inside the cell
how do steroid hormones work? overview and be specific
They change gene expression of
The lipid soluble hormones will be transported through the blood streamed attached to key transport molecules (proteins) to allow them to be dissolved in the blood and not cause any problems with things such as coagulation. A small percentage of the lipid soluble hormones in the blood are free floating. The hormones bind do not bind to cell-surface receptors as the receptors are found inside the cytoplasm or nucleus of the cell.
enter cell> bind to receptor > change gene expression
slow/fast? the process of lipid soluble hormones changing the gene expression why?
slow (hours-months) to have effect eg. menstrual cycle
slow= no phosphorylation cascade
____ ____ or ___ will make a person infertile
removing the hypothalamus or pituitary gland
regular nerves vs neurosecretory nerves
regular nerves:
conduct nerve impulse, releasing neurotransmitters
neurosecretory nerves:
conduct nerve impulse, synthesise, carry and release neurosecretory peptide hormones
regular nerves secrete ___
______ nerves secrete ____
neurotransmitters
neurosecretory
neurosecretory peptide hormones
neurosecretory ____ are synthesised in ___ travel ____ and are ____ as ___
hormones??
cell bodies (hypothalamus)
bound to carrier proteins down the axon terminals
stored
secretory vesicles, ready for a signal eg. baby crying=milk production
neurosecretory _____ aggregated into nuclei, long axon tracts which ____ the ____
??
pass through
anterior pituitary
_____ travel along the ____ to ___ of the ____.
nerve impulses
axon
trigger exocytosis
secretory vesicles, releasing the peptide hormones into the arteries below which will carry out its function.
