Clinic Misc 2024 - 2025

Question 1

Name the vaccinations given to puppies and adult dogs and specify when they are given.

Answer 1

1st puppy vaccination: 6-8 weeks of age = C4 (C3 + injectable KC)

2nd puppy vaccination: 10-12 weeks of age = C5 (C3 + oral and inj KC)

3rd puppy vaccination: 14-16 weeks of age = C4

Yearly booster given 12 months after last puppy vaccination.
1st annual: C5

2nd: Kc

3rd: Kc

4th: C5

Question 2

What diseases are protected by the core vaccines (C3)

Answer 2

DHP:

Distemper

Hepatitis (Adenovirus)

Parvovirus

Question 3

Briefly describe Parvovirus including:

What it is:

What it does:

Infection symptoms:

Incubation period:

Disease course:

Mode of transmission:

Test:

Recovery and Immunity:

Answer 3

Parvovirus is a SS, Linear, DNA virus.

What is it:
Acute viral infection. (out of the 4 types of viral infections: Acute, chronic, latent, slowly progressive).

Virus attacks the SI lining and causes diarrhea and vomiting, and blood in feces. Virus may also attack bone marrow. Damaged bone marrow= impaired WBC production = more serious infection. May also affect the heart in some cases.

Acute onset of symptoms, once virus has shed there is rapid elimination of the virus from the immune system.

Infection symptoms: Gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, lethargy and appetite loss, Bloating, changing body temperature. Dehydration and Leucopenia.

Incubation period: 3-7 days in host, then onset of clinical symptoms

Disease course lasts 1-2 weeks, fatal in puppies

Mode of transmission: (sheds into feces)

Parvovirus transmission from host to host is through indirect contact e.g the virus from an infected animal is deposited into the environment, air, onto fomites, or onto another animal.

Test: Parvo Antigen test as Large amounts of virus sheds in feces.

Recovery and Immunity:
May take several days for gut to repair for digestive function and water balance.

Immune response is strong in surviving dogs - lifelong immunity

Puppies won’t have full immunity until 2 week after last puppy vaccination.

Question 4

Briefly describe Herpes virus (Adenovirus) including:

Answer 4

Herpesvirus is a DS, Linear, DNA virus.

Question 5

Define Enteritis

Answer 5

Inflammation of the small intestine.
May also include stomach (gastroenteritis) or colon (enterocolitis)

Usually caused by a virus, bacteria, or parasite. May sometimes be caused by radiation, drugs, or disease.

Question 6

Define Leucopenia

Answer 6

Reduction in WBCs

Question 7

Name the 4 different patterns of viral infections and briefly describe them.

Answer 7

1. Acute - most common (virus shed, immune system eliminates virus) e.g Parvo
2. Chronic -
3. Latent
4. Slow progressive

2-4 are long-lasting viral infections.

The pattern of virus depends on duration of virus present on host and period of virus shedding.

Question 8

Describe the differences between C3, C4, C5, and C7 Vaccines.

Answer 8

C3 protects against:

DHP (Distemper, Hepatitis, Parvo)

C4 protects against DHP and inj KC (Parainfluenza virus)

C5 protects against DHP + inj KC (Parainfluenza) + oral KC (Bordertella Bronchiseptica)

C7 Protects all of the above and Leptospirosis and Coronavirus

Question 9

What is Leptospirosis

Answer 9

Bacterial infection caused my leptospira are excreted from urine of infected animals.

Most common zoonotic infection. NO vaccine for humans, but there is one for dogs, pigs etc.