Autonomic And Endo 1/2

Question 1

Nervous and endocrine systems function in a _____ to achieve and maintain _____

Answer 1

Coordinated manner

Stability of the internal environment Aka homeostasis

Question 2

Both auto and endo perform their functions by means of ___

Answer 2

Chemical messengers sent to specific cells

Question 3

CNS main components:

PNS main components:

Answer 3

CNS
brain
spinal cord

PNS
cranial nerves
spinal nerves
ganglia
peripheral nerves

Question 4

fine nerve fibers going in to the body, examples ___

Answer 4

into head = cranial nerves
below head (down side)  = spinal nerves
rest of the body (fine nerves) = peripheral nerves

Question 5

switching stations of nerves ______

Answer 5

ganglia

Question 6

nerves that radiate out from the ___ is from the ____

Answer 6

CNS

PNS

Question 7

bring information into PNS >CNS (brain and spinal chord)

take infor out of CNS>PNS

Answer 7

sensory (afferent) neurons

motor (efferent) neurons

Question 8

efferent aka

afferent aka

Answer 8

motor

sensory

Question 9

types of neurons, what are they?

Answer 9

2
sensory (afferent) neurons
motor (efferent) neurons

Question 10

what type of neurons involved?

PNS > CNS

Answer 10

sensory (afferent)

Question 11

what types of neurons involved?

CNS>PNS

Answer 11

motor (efferent)

Question 12

categories of motor neurons. what are they?

Answer 12

2
somatic (voluntary)
autonomic (involuntary)

Question 13

somatic ____ > ______

Answer 13

(voluntary)

skeletal muscle

Question 14

autonomic ____ > _____ or ______

examples ___

Answer 14

(involuntary)
2 categories (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands

Question 15

speaking, walking, singing examples of _____

Answer 15

voluntary motor neurons

Question 16

heart pumping, example of ____

Answer 16

involuntary motor neurons

Question 17

cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle which motor neuron?

Answer 17

cardiac muscle = autonomic (involuntary)

skeletal muscle = sensory (voluntary)

Question 18

neuron components with brief descriptions/comparisons

Answer 18

dendrites (spikey head)
cell body (spikey head + nucleus)
myelin sheath
axon (tail)
axon terminals (branching out of the tail)

Question 19

____ are cytoplasmic processes

Answer 19

dendrites

Question 20

____ are extended cytoplasmic processes

Answer 20

Dendrites

Question 21

all/most/some/none axons have myelin sheaths

Answer 21

some

Question 22

cross-section of myelinated sheath components? order from median to proximal (in to out)

Answer 22

axon (middle blob) inside myelin sheath
myelin sheath wrapped around axon, is inside the schwann cell
schwann cell (entire cell)

Question 23

myelin = ____

Answer 23

protein

forms an insulating sheath in schwann cells to slightly increase the speed at which the electrochemical signal passes

Question 24

unmyelinated cells neurons are associated with ___

Answer 24

schwann cells (similar to myelinated neurons) but without the myelin wrapping around it.
multiple axons around the nucleus of the schwann cell

Question 25

signals are transmitted from and to the ____

Answer 25

axon termini
nerve to nerve
or
nerve to gland

Question 26

Nerve synapses.

whats close to the axon terminal bulb

Answer 26

axon terminal bulb in close contact with what its about to exchange/transmitt impulses to

Question 27

synapse/nerve synapse def?

Answer 27

small gap between what conducts the nerve impulse and what receives it (pre and post synaptic neurons and the synaptic cleft if present)

Question 28

presynaptic nerve/neuron def

Answer 28

axon bringing in the information

Question 29

the neuron/nerve taking in information and passing it on ?

Answer 29

postsynaptic neuron/nerve

Question 30

between presynaptic neuron and postsynaptic neuron

Answer 30

synaptic cleft

Question 31

synapse vs synaptic cleft?

Answer 31

synapse
presynaptic ending
postsynaptic ending
these may or may not be divided by a synaptic cleft

synpatic cleft
simply the fluid-filled space between the pre and post synaptic neurons

Question 32

nerve impulse transmission?

Answer 32

pre > post

Question 33

nerve synapse overview

Answer 33

1) electrochemical signal- voltage change (nerve impulse) travels down presynaptic neuron, causes changes in protein structure of the bulb, such as voltage gated Ca2+ channel
2) Ca2+ channel opens (due to change in voltage)
3) opened channel allows calcium to flood in to the bulb from surrounding tissues
4) calcium causes the vesicles inside the bulb to fuse with the

Question 34

Influx of ___ when ___ hits the bulb

Answer 34

calcium ions

electrochemical signal