Autonomic And Endo 1/2 Flashcards
Nervous and endocrine systems function in a _____ to achieve and maintain _____
Coordinated manner
Stability of the internal environment Aka homeostasis
Both auto and endo perform their functions by means of ___
Chemical messengers sent to specific cells
CNS main components:
PNS main components:
CNS
brain
spinal cord
PNS cranial nerves spinal nerves ganglia peripheral nerves
fine nerve fibers going in to the body, examples ___
into head = cranial nerves below head (down side) = spinal nerves rest of the body (fine nerves) = peripheral nerves
switching stations of nerves ______
ganglia
nerves that radiate out from the ___ is from the ____
CNS
PNS
bring information into PNS >CNS (brain and spinal chord)
take infor out of CNS>PNS
sensory (afferent) neurons
motor (efferent) neurons
efferent aka
afferent aka
motor
sensory
types of neurons, what are they?
2
sensory (afferent) neurons
motor (efferent) neurons
what type of neurons involved?
PNS > CNS
sensory (afferent)
what types of neurons involved?
CNS>PNS
motor (efferent)
categories of motor neurons. what are they?
2
somatic (voluntary)
autonomic (involuntary)
somatic ____ > ______
(voluntary)
skeletal muscle
autonomic ____ > _____ or ______
examples ___
(involuntary)
2 categories (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands
speaking, walking, singing examples of _____
voluntary motor neurons
heart pumping, example of ____
involuntary motor neurons
cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle which motor neuron?
cardiac muscle = autonomic (involuntary)
skeletal muscle = sensory (voluntary)
neuron components with brief descriptions/comparisons
dendrites (spikey head) cell body (spikey head + nucleus) myelin sheath axon (tail) axon terminals (branching out of the tail)
____ are cytoplasmic processes
dendrites
____ are extended cytoplasmic processes
Dendrites
all/most/some/none axons have myelin sheaths
some
cross-section of myelinated sheath components? order from median to proximal (in to out)
axon (middle blob) inside myelin sheath
myelin sheath wrapped around axon, is inside the schwann cell
schwann cell (entire cell)
myelin = ____
protein
forms an insulating sheath in schwann cells to slightly increase the speed at which the electrochemical signal passes
unmyelinated cells neurons are associated with ___
schwann cells (similar to myelinated neurons) but without the myelin wrapping around it. multiple axons around the nucleus of the schwann cell
signals are transmitted from and to the ____
axon termini
nerve to nerve
or
nerve to gland
Nerve synapses.
whats close to the axon terminal bulb
axon terminal bulb in close contact with what its about to exchange/transmitt impulses to
synapse/nerve synapse def?
small gap between what conducts the nerve impulse and what receives it (pre and post synaptic neurons and the synaptic cleft if present)
presynaptic nerve/neuron def
axon bringing in the information
the neuron/nerve taking in information and passing it on ?
postsynaptic neuron/nerve
between presynaptic neuron and postsynaptic neuron
synaptic cleft
synapse vs synaptic cleft?
synapse
presynaptic ending
postsynaptic ending
these may or may not be divided by a synaptic cleft
synpatic cleft
simply the fluid-filled space between the pre and post synaptic neurons
nerve impulse transmission?
pre > post
nerve synapse overview
1) electrochemical signal- voltage change (nerve impulse) travels down presynaptic neuron, causes changes in protein structure of the bulb, such as voltage gated Ca2+ channel
2) Ca2+ channel opens (due to change in voltage)
3) opened channel allows calcium to flood in to the bulb from surrounding tissues
4) calcium causes the vesicles inside the bulb to fuse with the
Influx of ___ when ___ hits the bulb
calcium ions
electrochemical signal
