Immunology Flashcards
What is the end result of of an immune response
The elimnation of the pathogen from the host organism and the development of an immunological memory of the pathogen.
Name the 2 defence systems of the body
- innate immune system
- adaptive immune system
Why is it important to have an immune response?
An immune response allows the body to get rid of the invading pathogen and creates an immunological memory of the pathogen. Therefore, if the pathogen were to invade again, the immune reaction would be faster and stronger. i.e there is a state of immunity against this specific pathogen. (**Exception, if the pathogen was encountered by the innate immune system a 2nd or subsequent time, the response will be the same (not faster or stronger) )
Describe the innate immune system
-This system is an ancient evolutionary adaptation (found in both vertebrates and invertebrates)
-1st line of defence against pathogens and only line of defence in invertebrates
-Rapid response time
-Perpetually Ready
-Recognises broad range of microbes
-Responds in same speed and intensity the 2nd and subsequent times it meets pathogen i.e no memory
Describe the adaptive immune system
-Only present in vertebrates
-has 2 components (Humoral response and Cell-mediated Response)
-2nd line of defence of pathogen overcomes innate immune system
-Delayed response
-Requires activation of selected cells
-Receptors recognise antigens
-Receptors selected in individual animals during development and maturation
-Memory of pathogen is created after first encounter, thus faster response if encountered a 2nd or subsequent time
Describe the components of the adapative immune system
The adaptive immune system consists of 2 responses/parts:
- Humoral Response: Contains Antibodies and B-cells
- Cell-mediated Response: Contains T-cells
