lec 6 cardio Flashcards
heart has # muscular pumps, what are they?
2
left and right
each contain an atrium and ventricle
the cardiovascular system pumps ___ liters of blood a day
7000
systenatic heart circuit overview.
Left atrium > high pressure systemic arteries > capillaries > blood collects in the capillary beds then in the > low pressure veins > right atrium> right ventricle>
___ pump supplies the pulmonary circuit
right (right atrium and ventricle)
pulomary blood system overview.
right atrium > right ventricle > lungs > left atrium > left ventricle
Blood volume ratio ( in percentages) :
___pulmonary circuit to ____ systemic circuit to ____ inside the heart
%
9 : 84 : 7
___ of the blood in the systemic circuit resides in the __
3/4
systemic veins
Even when the heart ejects blood there is always around ___ % of the total blood volume in it
7
typical total volume of blood in the body of an average person ?
5 L
output of one pump = __ liters per __ at rest
5 minute
when exercising the out put of the pump increases by __ times that of the resting output
4
Resistance through the systemic circuit?
high therfore left ventricle = high pressure
high resistance = more pressure in left ventricle > has to pump harder
pulmonary circuit vs systemic circuit reistance comparison
pul = median resistance syste = high resistance
pulmonary circuit pressure?
median resistance > median pressure in the ??
Lungs ___ blood
oxygenate blood
whats route/ system oxygenated blood takes (starting from the lungs) ?
oxygenated blood > (via pulmonary veins)
> left atrium
>left ventricle>(pumps the blood under high pressure)
>arteries
>systemic veins> (as it flows through capillaries, due to conc diff, oxygen give up to cells and co2 + other things absorbed
>
bicuscpid =
mitral valve
_cuspid = mitral
bi
right valve
mitral
auricle
increases capacity of the atrium
valves made
fibrous connective tissue
valves crossection flps ____ring
fibrous
valves cross-sectional ring made of
fibrous ct
Arteries high or low pressure
High
Take blood from heart to the rest of the body
Capillary beds are found in ___
Organs
Eg
Brain
Limbs
Veins high or low pressure
Low
Collects deoxygenated blood from the body and transports them to the right atrium
Pulmonary circuit overview
Right ventricle > pulmonary arteries > lungs > pulmonary veins > left atrium
Which is bigger pulmonary or systemic circuit
Systemic
What drives blood
High pressure
Which system has : medium resistance High resistance High pressure Medium pressure
Pulmonary
Systemic
Systemic
Pulmonary
Pulmonary veinscontain …. blood
Oxygenated
Carbon dioxide
Waste products etc. collected in the ?
Venous system
Capillaries are high/low resistance
High
Hepatic Portal veins carry whAt from where to where
Deoxygenated blood
Gut to liver
Hepatic artery function
From where to where
Provide oxygenated blood from left ventricle to liver
Which organ(s) have a dual blood supply and from where?
Liver
1) gut to liver - deoxygenated (hepatic portal vein)
2) left ventricle to liver - oxygenated blood ( hepatic arteries)
The hepatic portal vein goes to the
Liver
In which phase does the blood move into the lower pressure chamber.
Filling phase
Vol in chamber increases = pressure …… therefore blood moves
Decreases
Into the chamber to compensate for the loss of pressure
What stops the blood from going out of the artery and backflow of blood into the chamber
Outlet valve
filling phase is ___ as it relies on the ___
relaxing outwards
passive
elastic recoil of the chamber
pressure in the vein outside the ventricle is higher than the pressure in the ventricle when it is in the ____ phase
filling (relaxed)
when ventricle contacts, volume ____ and pressure
decreases
increases
when the ventricle contracts the blood will want to go into the ___ becuase it is ___ hence why there are ___ to prevent ___
This results in ____ phase where the ____ valves get pushed up against the ___
veins and arteries low pressure inlet valves blood from going back to the veins ejection arterial walls of the artery
valves are ___ stuctures
passive
A chamber requires # things what are they?
3
a chamber that can change its volume
inlet valve - to make sure the blood is ejected correctly in the right direction
outlet valve - to prevent the back flow of blood into veins
ejection phase is ____
active as energy is required for contraction
What determines how efficient the pump is ?
how fast the venticle fills- filling hard since filling from low to high pressure
how fast the blood can get ejected- uses energy to force blood out
the ____ aka (____) allows blood to pull outside the inlet valve so that when the ____ is ____ the blood can easily enter the chamber
atrium receiving chamber
ventricle
relaxed
inlet and outlet valves on the same side of the ventricle _____ of the pump since there are more _____ to ____
increases efficiency
muscular walls
pump the blood out
appendage of atrium (____) is an ____ of the ____
auricle
extension
atrium
inlet valves are located___
in between the atria and ventricles
outlet valves located ____
between ventricle and arteries
no valves between veins and ___ therefore ___ is/are not very effective at ____
atria
atria
pumping blood
____ will top up the ventricles
atria
interventricular sulcus is ___ filled and is located ___
fat
between the left and right ventricles
how many interventricular sulci and septums do we have
sulci = 2 (anterior and posterior)
1 interventricular septum
right atrium ejects blood into ____ via ____
pulmonary trunk via pulmonary artery
pulmonary ____ divides into # ____ called ___ that go on to ___ the ____
trunk 2 arteries left and right pulmonary arteries supply lungs
peak/max pressures of adolescents right ventricle left ventricle right atrium left atrium
27 mmHg
120 mmHg
5 mmHg
8mmHg
peak pressure of ___ atrium higher than that of the ___ atrium due to ??
left
right
lower resistance of the pulmonary circuit of the right atr
vena cava def
big cave
___ don’t have inlet valves
atria
inlet valves aka ____ are made up of ___ (be specific)
ventricular inlet valves (go into ventricle)
2 or 3 flat flaps of fibrous connective tissue
The free edge of the flap is tethered by tendinious cords which prevent it from bursting upwards into the atrium during systole.
what prevents the flap of inlet valves from bursting upwards into the atrium during ___
systole
tendinious chords
What are the ventricular inlet valves called and location?
bicuspid (mitral valve) - left ventricle opening
tricuspid valve - right ventricle opening
