lect 1 neuro (c) Flashcards
Overall structural and functional relationships of the cerebral cortex
6
- right and left hemispheres
- gyri/sulci, lobes
- sensory cortical areas (somatosensory, visual auditory)
- motor cortex
- verbal/non-verbal language functions, dominance
- association cortex
dominant hemisphere
usually the left.
-opposite side of your dominant hand.
Frontal association cortex
5 Intelligence Personality Behavior Mood Cognitive function
Parietal association cortex
spatial skills 3D recognition (shapes faces concepts abstract perception )
Temporary association cortex
Memory
Mood
Aggression
Intelligence
found in both temporary and frontal associated cortex
mood
intelligence
Non-dominant hemisphere
usually right
Non-verbal language
(body language)
Emotional expression (tone of language)
Spatial skills (3D)
conceptual understanding
Artistic/ Musical skills
Effects of injury
Loss of non-verbal language
speech - lacks emotion
spatial disorientation
inability to recognize familiar objects
loss of musical appreciation
___ produces several hormones
hypothalamus
There are # types of connections between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. what are they?
In the # type and where are they released/absorbed into/to
The _______ carries these ____ directly to the ____ lobe of the _____, where they s___ or i___ _____ of _____ p___ H____.
2
Released into the capillary networks in the median eminence
bloodstream hormones anterior pituitary stimulate inhibit secretions anterior pituitary hormones
The pituitary gland is located ___ to the hypothalamus
anterior (in front of )
What are the # hypothalamic hormones
1) secretory
2) inhibitory
What are the # hypothalamic hormones
1) releasing
2) inhibitory
What is the first type of hypothalamic connection with the pituitary.
______ hormones (____ and ___) are ___ into ____ ____ in the median eminence.
Hypothalamic hormones (secreting and inhibiting) are released into the bloodstream.
Hypothalamic releasing inhibiting released capillary networks
Which stage of the connection with the pituitary (below).
Axons ___ from the ___ and ___ nuclei through the __ into the ____ lobe of the pituitary.
The __ ___ of these neurons make _ or _ hormones ( ____ or ____ ). Their ___ transport the hormones to the ____ pituitary, where they are ____.
Second
extend paraventricular supraceptic infundibular posterior
cell bodies
oxytocin per..
old brain and new brain names
old = archi cortex new = neo cortex
olfactory responsible for
ability to smell
gyri vs sulci?
bumps vs valleys
why is the outer cerebral cortext smooth of a rat
surface area to tightly pack neurons into the space
What area of the brain diminishes as animals evolve ( ape to human)
old brain/ archi cortex
whats anterior to the central sulcus
precentral gyrus
whats posterior to the central sulcus
postcentral gyrus
what cortex has developed the most in humans compared to rodents?
frontal cortex
What does the frontal cortex comprise of ?
only pre central no post central gyrus
superior, median, inferior frontal gyrus
borders of the parieto-occipital suclus?
occipital notch to the parito
what are the two anterior and posterior poles/lobes of the brain
anterior - frontal pole
posterior - occipital pole
temporal lobe comprised of # units. what are they?
superior
median
inferior temporal gyrus
parietal lobe comprises of
post central gyrus
apex of brain =
top
what gives rise to temporal lobe
lateral fissure
what gives rise to the frontal lobe
central sulcus
forebrain vs midbrain vs hindbrain from a medial view
Forebrain (large chunky bit)
goes around from frontal cortex to occipital lobe (doesn’t include cerebellum, pons, medulla).
Midbrain (small segment between hind brain and forebrain)
Hind brain (comprises of the medulla, pons, cerebellum)
corpus callosum has a large bundle of ___ matter. what does it do?
white
carres information from right to left
from medial view of the brain. The hind brain is seen as ___ to the forebrain.
inferior (below)
area of the primary motor cortex/strip? and function?
precentral gyrus
large cells.
To house large cells that will project from the motor cortex down into the spinal cord to then link up with another cell and that cell will take information out to the peripheral muscle.
homonculus definition
“body map”
representation of the entire body in the ….
what areas create a homonculus?
primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus)
homonculus surface area divided based on sensitivity/ most dexterity.
Meaning, areas that such as hands, and face are where most of ____ are localised.
neurons
premotor cortex aka ____
responsible for ___
planning cortex
planning what movements need to be made
what does SMAGLA stand for?
Super
marginal
angular gyrus
language area
eye area ?
in the precentral gyrus
Broca’s area function?
plans movement of speech to bring about smooth vocalisation
whats the order of speech?
Brocas area (plan movement of speech) then informs> primary motor cortex in precentral gyrus (activates the nerves of the body that are required to make those sounds )
whats the anterior most part of the frontal cortex (in front of the planning cortex)
frontal association cortex
what is the frontal association cortex involved with?
intelligence personality behaviour mood cognitive function
