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Y2 Renal > Renal / Urinary Tract Infections > Flashcards

Renal / Urinary Tract Infections Flashcards

1
Q

when does a lower urinary tract infection become an upper urinary tract infection

A

if in ureter above bladder

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2
Q

what is a simple UTI

A

female, recent sex, no haematuria

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3
Q

what is a complicated UTI

A

any UTI that doesn’t meet the criteria for simple

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4
Q

what condition in post-menopausal women is a risk factor for UTIs

A

atrophic vaginitis

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5
Q

is suprapubic pain a feature of lower or upper UTIs

A

lower

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6
Q

leu on urinalysis indicates the presence of what in urine

A

white blood cells

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7
Q

nitrites on urinalysis indicates the presence of what in urine

A

coliforms (not enterococcus, pseudo)

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8
Q

which groups of patients shouldn’t you dipstick

A

elderly, those with catheters

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9
Q

what imaging could you do in someone with recurrent lower UTIs

A

US for anatomical abnormality

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10
Q

what is the commonest cause of UTIs

A

e. coli

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11
Q

what toxin does e. coli produce

A

LPS endotoxin

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12
Q

what are proteus UTIs associated with

A

staghorn struvite calculi

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13
Q

which infecting organism in lower UTIs is associated with catheter and surgical instruments

A

pseudomonas

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14
Q

psuedomonas is resistant to all oral antibiotics except 1, which?

A

ciprofloxacin

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15
Q

what bacteria can cause a haematogenous UTI in sepsis

A

s. aureus

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16
Q

what group of people get staph saphrophyticus UTIs

A

sexually active young women

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17
Q

what condition presents identically to UTIs

A

abacterial cystitis

18
Q

when is asymptomatic bacteruria considered significant

A

greater than 10 to the power of 5 organisms

19
Q

are antibiotics indicated for asymptomatic bacteruria

A

only in pregnant women

20
Q

what is the empirical treatment or an uncomplicated lower UTI in females and males

A

3 day women
7 day men
trimethoprim

21
Q

trimethoprim mechanism

A

inhibits folic acid

22
Q

trimethoprim contraindication

A

trimester 1 teratogen

23
Q

2nd line Mx of lower UTI if trimethoprim is contraindicated

A

nitrofutanoin

24
Q

mechanism of nitrofurantoin

A

reaches therapeutic conc in urine

25
Q

nitrofurantoin contraindications

A

late pregnancy / breastfeeding

26
Q

treatment of a complicated UTI from the GP

A

14 day co-amoxiclav or co-trimoxazole

27
Q

what symptoms of acute pyelonephritis differentiate it from a lower UTI

A

pyrexia, rigors, N&V, back or loin pain/tenderness

28
Q

how to collect urine samples for culture

A

midstream

29
Q

what container should you use for urine samples (lasts 24 hours)

A

red top

30
Q

what cause of acute pyelonephritis can be hospital acquired

A

strep faecalis

31
Q

what organism can cause acute pyelonephritis that additionally presents with weight loss and causes sterile pyuria

A

TB

32
Q

what is emphysematous pyelonephritis and what group of patients is it seen in

A

necrotising, DM

33
Q

investigation for emphysematous pyelonephritis

A

KUB XR

34
Q

management of emphysematous pyelonephritis

A

nephrectomy

35
Q

1st line management of acute pylonephritis in hospital

A

3 day IV A + G

36
Q

2nd line management of acute pyelonephritis in hospital

A

IV 3 day co-tromox + G

37
Q

side effect of co-trimox

A

Steven Johnson synd

38
Q

contraindications for gentamicin and what is used instead

A

eGFR <20 or pregnant

use aztreonam

39
Q

antibiotic against enterococci in acute pyelonephritis

A

IV amox

40
Q

antibiotic against coliforms in acute pyelonephritis

A

IV genta

41
Q

what antibiotics can you used for ESBL

A

IV meropenem
IV temocillin
PO nitrofurantoin

Y2 Renal (13 decks)

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