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Y2 Renal > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

how do diuretics enter filtrate

A

glomerular filtration or active secretion

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2
Q

which diuretics to OATs transport for active secretion into the filtrate

A

thiazides, loops

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3
Q

which diuretics to OCTs transport for active secretion into the filtrate

A

K sparing diuretics

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4
Q

give an example of a thiazide diuretic

A

bendoflumethiazide

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5
Q

give an example of a loop diureti

A

furosemide

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6
Q

give 2 examples of k sparing diuretics

A

triamterene, amiloride

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7
Q

give an example of a aldosterone receptor antagonist

A

spironolactone

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8
Q

give an example of an osmotic diuretic

A

mannitol

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9
Q

give an example of a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

A

acetazolamide

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10
Q

give an example of an aquaretic

A

tolvaptan

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11
Q

mechanism of thiazide diuretics

A

block Na+Cl- co-transporter at Cl site in DCT

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12
Q

side effects of thiazide diuretics

A

hypokalamia
metabolic alkalosis
impotence
hyperuricaemia

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13
Q

mechanism of loop diuretics

A

block Na+K+2Cl co-transporter at Cl site in LOH thick ascending limb

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14
Q

side effects of loop diuretics

A

hypokalaemia
metabolic alkalosis
hypocalcaemia
hyperuricaemia

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15
Q

mechanism of K sparing diuretics

A

block apical ENAC Na channel in CD to decrease Na reabsorption

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16
Q

mechanism of CA inhibitors

A

block Na+/H+ exchange in PCT & DCT

17
Q

what is desmopressin

A

vasopressin analogue

18
Q

mechanism of aquaretics

A

vasopressin receptor antagonist

19
Q

side effect of aquaretics

A

hypernatraemia

20
Q

give an example of a SGLT2 inhibitor

A

empagiflozin

21
Q

mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitors

A

inhibit SGLT2 in PTC causing an osmotic diuresis

22
Q

side effects of SGLT2 inhibitors

A

UTIs

23
Q

when are aquaretics used

A

correcting hyponatraemia in SIADH

24
Q

when are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors used

A

glaucoma

25
Q

when are osmotic diuretics used

A

acute raised intraocular or intracranial pressure

26
Q

when are aldosterone receptor antagonists used

A

HF, Conn’s syndrome, resistant HTN, cirrhosis + ascites

27
Q

what diuretic is used for acute pulmonary oedema

A

loop agent

28
Q

what diuretic is used for mild HF

A

thiazide

29
Q

what diuretic is used for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

A

thiazide

30
Q

what diuretic is used for nephrotic syndrome

A

loop

31
Q

what diuretic is used for renal stones

A

thiazide

32
Q

mechanism of uricosuric agent allopurinol

A

inhibits urate synthesis

33
Q

what enzyme forms prostaglandins

A

COX

34
Q

do ACEIs and ARBs constrict the efferent or afferent arteriole

A

efferent

Y2 Renal (13 decks)

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