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Y2 Renal > Acid Base Balance > Flashcards

Acid Base Balance Flashcards

1
Q

what is normal pH

A

7.35-7.45

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2
Q

is arterial or venous blood more acidic

A

venous

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3
Q

what is normal bicarbonate

A

23-27

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4
Q

what is normal PCO2

A

35-45

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5
Q

what is the pulmonary component

A

pCO2 partial pressure

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6
Q

what is the metabolic component

A

bicarbonate

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7
Q

what is the action of carbonic anhydrase

A

converts CO2 + H2O -> carbonic acid
and
converts carbonic acid > H+ + HCO3-

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8
Q

how is bicarbonate controlled by the kidneys

A

generating new HCO3- and increasing/decreasing reabsorption

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9
Q

what are the kidneys dependent on to be able to control bicarbonate

A

H+ secretion

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10
Q

is new HCO3- formed is acidosis or alkalosis

A

acidosis

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11
Q

what basic buffer of the filtrate does H+ combine with for HCO3- formation

A

phosphate (then excreted)

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12
Q

what is the 2nd buffer in severe acidosis when phosphate is used up

A

ammonia

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13
Q

“resorting pH, irrespective of HCO3- and CO2” describes what

A

compensation

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14
Q

” resorting pH, HCO3- and pCO2” describe what

A

correction

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15
Q

what are the blood buffers

A

haemoglobin and bicarbonate

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16
Q

disadvantage of the blood buffer system

A

depleted quickly

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17
Q

advantage of the blood buffer system compared to the renal buffer system

A

immediate (renal takes hours - days)

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18
Q

pH <7.35, PCO2 >45

A

uncompensated respiratory acidosis

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19
Q

basic pathology of respiratory acidosis

A

CO2 retention

20
Q

how do the kidneys buffer respiratory acidosis

A

increase H+ secretion, all HCO3- reabsorbed

21
Q

pH >7.45, CO2 <35

A

uncompensated respiratory alkalosis

22
Q

basic pathology of respiratory alkalosis

A

excess co2 removal

23
Q

what effect does respiratory acidosis have on the equilibrium

A

moves equilibrium right

24
Q

what effect does respiratory alkalosis have on the equilibrium

A

moves equilibrium left

25
Q

how do the kidneys compensate for respiratory alkalosis

A

decrease H+ secretion, excrete HCO3-

26
Q

what is the commonest acid base disturbance

A

metabolic acidosis

27
Q

pH<7.35, < HCO3-

A

uncompensated metabolic acidosis

28
Q

how do the lungs compensate for metabolic acidosis

A

increase RR

29
Q

how do the kidney compensate for metabolic acidosis

A

reabsorb / generate HCO3-, normal H+ secretion

30
Q

peripheral chemoreceptors are activates by what

A

pH changes

31
Q

pH>7.45, >HCO3-

A

uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

32
Q

how do the lungs compensate for metabolic alkalosis

A

decrease RR

33
Q

how to the kidneys compensate for metabolic alkalosis

A

decrease HCO3- reabsorption

34
Q

what is the acid base abnormality in COPD

A

respiratory acidosis

35
Q

what is the acid base abnormality in DKA

A

metabolic acidosis

36
Q

what is the acid base abnormality in vomiting

A

metabolic alkalosis

37
Q

what is the acid base abnormality in chest injuries

A

respiratory acidosis

38
Q

what is the acid base abnormality in anxiety / hyperventilation

A

respiratory alkalosis

39
Q

what is the acid base abnormality in alkali ingestion

A

metabolic alkalosis

40
Q

what is the acid base abnormality in high altitudes

A

respiratory alkalosis

41
Q

what is the acid base abnormality in hyperaldosteronism

A

metabolic alkalosis

42
Q

what is the acid base abnormality in diarrhoea

A

metabolic acidosis

43
Q

what is the acid base abnormality in respiratory depression

A

respiratory acidosis

44
Q

what is the acid base abnormality in lactic acidosis in exercise

A

metabolic acidosis

45
Q

what is the acid base abnormality in acid ingestion

A

metabolic acidosis

Y2 Renal (13 decks)

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