Renal, Urinary Systems, and Electrolytes

Question 1

RTA 1 pathology

Answer 1

• impaired urine acidification in the distal renal tublules
• non-aniongap metabolic acidosis

Question 2

RTA 2 pathology

Answer 2

• impaired bicarbonate reabsorption in the proximal renal tubules
• non-anion gap metabolic acidosis

Question 3

what are some causes of normal anion gap metabolic acidosis?

Answer 3

• diarrhea
• fistulas
• carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
• renal tubular acidosis
• ureteral diversion
• iatrogenic

Question 4

type 4 RTA

Answer 4

hyperkalemic RTA

non anion gap metabolic acidosis

commonly seen in poorly controlled diabetes

Question 5

treatment of severe hypercalcemia <14mg/dL

Answer 5

aggressive saline hydration (several liters of normal saline)

Question 6

which nephrotic syndrom eis associated with hep B?

Answer 6

membranous nephropathy

Question 7

which nephrotic syndrome is commonly associated with HIV patients?

Answer 7

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)

Question 8

IgA nephropathy, presents with nephritic syndrome with/after upper respiratory or GI infection

Answer 8

Berger’s disease

Question 9

hemoptysis and glomerulonephritis

Answer 9

Goodpasture syndrome

Question 10

an acute elevation in serum creatinine of at least 30% over baseline after starting an

ACE inhibitor suggests ________ as a cause of secondary hypertension

Answer 10

renal artery stenosis

Question 11

which nephrotic syndrome is associated with syphillis?

Answer 11

membranous nephropathy; defect in the glomerular basement membrane, with complement activation and IgG