Heme/Onc Flashcards
which malignancies commonly metastasize to the brain?
lung, breast, melanoma, renal cell
what are the signs and sx of multiple myeloma?
- high Calcium
- Renal problems
- Anemia
- Bone problems/pain
what lab value would you see in primary polycythemia vera?
low EPO; JAK2 mutation causes unregulated erythrocyte production
what lab value would you see in secondary polycythemia vera?
high EPO;
can be caused by hypoxemia (cardiopulmonary disease, OSA, high altitude)
EPO producing tumors (renal cell, hepatic)
target cells
alpha-thalassemia
most common complication of sickle cell trait
painless heamturia
initial treatment for soomeone who presents with neutropenic fever
pt should be started on broad-spectrum abx ASAP after blood cultures are obtained.
empiric montherapy with an antipseudomonal agent (cefepime, meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam) is recommended for initial treatment
elevated lactate dehydrogenase, decreased haptoglobin, anemia, and fragmented RBCs on peripheral smear are indicative of what process?
hemolysis
CLL lymphocytes express what on their surface?
CD5
Reed sternberg cells are dysfunctional ______
B lymphocytes
what is the most common transfusion reaction?
non-hemolytic febrile reaction AKA febrile non-hemolytic reaction;
presents with fever and chills and sometimes nausea as a result of release of cytokines during storage of blood products
what is the difference between acute hemolytic reaction and non-hemolytic febrile reaction?
- acute hemolytic reaction=is caused by ABO incompatibility,
- will present with fever, flank pain, DIC, hematuria, positive Coombs test
- non-hemolytic febrile reaction=caused by cytokine accumulation during blood storage
- will present with fever and chills maybe nausea
- most common transfusion reaction
how can you prevent non-hemoyltic febrile transfusion reaction?
use leukocyte-washed RBCs
