Renal/Urinary System Flashcards
What type of connective tissue covers the kidney
dense irregular
Layers of kidney
capsule
cortex
medulla
Renal pyrmals
apex + renal papillae
papillae fits into a minor calyx
minor calicies form major calyx
major calicies empty into renal pelvis
Cortex of kidney
contains alternating regions known as cortical labyrinth of medullary rays
Cortical labyrinth
consists of renal corpuscles and the convoluted tubules and collecting tubules
Nephron
structural and functional unit of kidney
have short loop of henle
Kidney lobule
collect duct, and all nephrons empty here
afferent arteriole
blood comes in here, passes into renal capillaries and fluid and go to bowman’s space
effect arteriole
less fluid volume than AA
lumen is smaller than AA
What is the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule formed by?
podocytes
Filtration barrier is made by what
endothelium of fenestrated glomerular capillary
basal lamina
visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule
Layers of filtration barrier
endothelial surface layer endothelium prominent thick golmerular basement membrane sub-podocyte space secondary processes bowman's space containing ultrafilitrate parietal layer and basal lamina
intraglomerular mesangial cell
phagocytic, resorbs basal lamina
How to tell difference between vasa recta and thin limb
vasa recta have red blood cells
Proximal convoluted tubule
has straited border
larger cuboidal cells
can see prominent microvilli extending into lumen
Distal covoluted tubule
clear lumen
shorter, cuboidal cells
smaller cells, smaller nuclei, cytoplasm not as bright pink
Macula Densa
modified segment of the DT
promotes renin secretion by JG cells
Uriniferous tubule
nephron and its collecting tubule
Nephron empties into _________
collecting tubule
nephron plus collecting tubule empties into _______
uriniferous tubule
Ducts of bellini
striped lines
about 20 that empty into renal papillae
Juxtaglomerular cells
modified smooth muscle cells in the tunica media of afferent arteriole
has renin
renin
converts angiotensin into angiotensin I
ACE
converts angiotensin I into angiontensin II
Angiotensine II
constricts arterioles
secretes aldosterone by suprarenal cortex
stimulates macula dense of DCTs
increases absorption of sodium and chloride excretion of potassium
increases fluid volume in body and returns bp to normal
ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers
decrease blood pressure
Layers of ureter
lumen transitional epithelium lamina propria smooth muscle (longitudinal and circular layer) adventitia blood vessels
Layers of urinary bladder
mucosa (transitional epithelium plus lamina propria) muscularis (inner longitudinal layer) outer (middle) circular layer outermost longitudinal layer adventitia
Penile urethra
contains para-urethral glands
bulcourethral glands of Cowper which lubricate urethral lumen
