Renal/Urinary System

Question 1

What type of connective tissue covers the kidney

Answer 1

dense irregular

Question 2

Layers of kidney

Answer 2

capsule
cortex
medulla

Question 3

Renal pyrmals

Answer 3

apex + renal papillae
papillae fits into a minor calyx
minor calicies form major calyx
major calicies empty into renal pelvis

Question 4

Cortex of kidney

Answer 4

contains alternating regions known as cortical labyrinth of medullary rays

Question 5

Cortical labyrinth

Answer 5

consists of renal corpuscles and the convoluted tubules and collecting tubules

Question 6

Nephron

Answer 6

structural and functional unit of kidney

have short loop of henle

Question 7

Kidney lobule

Answer 7

collect duct, and all nephrons empty here

Question 8

afferent arteriole

Answer 8

blood comes in here, passes into renal capillaries and fluid and go to bowman’s space

Question 9

effect arteriole

Answer 9

less fluid volume than AA

lumen is smaller than AA

Question 10

What is the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule formed by?

Answer 10

podocytes

Question 11

Filtration barrier is made by what

Answer 11

endothelium of fenestrated glomerular capillary
basal lamina
visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule

Question 12

Layers of filtration barrier

Answer 12

endothelial surface layer
endothelium
prominent thick golmerular basement membrane
sub-podocyte space
secondary processes
bowman's space containing ultrafilitrate
parietal layer and basal lamina

Question 13

intraglomerular mesangial cell

Answer 13

phagocytic, resorbs basal lamina

Question 14

How to tell difference between vasa recta and thin limb

Answer 14

vasa recta have red blood cells

Question 15

Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 15

has straited border
larger cuboidal cells
can see prominent microvilli extending into lumen

Question 16

Distal covoluted tubule

Answer 16

clear lumen
shorter, cuboidal cells
smaller cells, smaller nuclei, cytoplasm not as bright pink

Question 17

Macula Densa

Answer 17

modified segment of the DT

promotes renin secretion by JG cells

Question 18

Uriniferous tubule

Answer 18

nephron and its collecting tubule

Question 19

Nephron empties into _________

Answer 19

collecting tubule

Question 20

nephron plus collecting tubule empties into _______

Answer 20

uriniferous tubule

Question 21

Ducts of bellini

Answer 21

striped lines

about 20 that empty into renal papillae

Question 22

Juxtaglomerular cells

Answer 22

modified smooth muscle cells in the tunica media of afferent arteriole
has renin

Question 23

renin

Answer 23

converts angiotensin into angiotensin I

Question 24

ACE

Answer 24

converts angiotensin I into angiontensin II

Question 25

Angiotensine II

Answer 25

constricts arterioles
secretes aldosterone by suprarenal cortex
stimulates macula dense of DCTs
increases absorption of sodium and chloride excretion of potassium
increases fluid volume in body and returns bp to normal

Question 26

ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers

Answer 26

decrease blood pressure

Question 27

Layers of ureter

Answer 27

lumen 
transitional epithelium
lamina propria
smooth muscle (longitudinal and circular layer)
adventitia
blood vessels

Question 28

Layers of urinary bladder

Answer 28

mucosa (transitional epithelium plus lamina propria)
muscularis (inner longitudinal layer)
outer (middle) circular layer
outermost longitudinal layer
adventitia

Question 29

Penile urethra

Answer 29

contains para-urethral glands

bulcourethral glands of Cowper which lubricate urethral lumen