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Cell Biology Exam 4 > GI IV > Flashcards

GI IV Flashcards

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1
Q

Glisson’s capsule

A

fibrous CT
made of type III collagen (reticular) fibers
richly innervated
deep to visceral peritoneum

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2
Q

______ fibers from Glisson’s capsule penetrate into the liver ________

A

reticular

parenchyma

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3
Q

Classic hepatic lobule

A

hexagonal plate of hepatocytes and sinusoids

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4
Q

Portal canal

A

3-6 found at the angles

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5
Q

What does the portal canal contain?

A

CT
portal triad
lymphatic vessels
autonomic nerve fibers

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6
Q

What are the branches of the portal triad?

A

hepatic artery
portal vein
bile duct

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7
Q

Periportal space (space of Mall)

A

area between the hepatic lobule and the portal triad

believed to originate from lymphatics

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8
Q

Can’t see well defined borders of the liver lobule because it lacks _____

A

developed CT

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9
Q

What is the blood supply of the liver?

A 
portal vein (75%)
hepatic artery proper (25%)
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10
Q

Portal vein

A
  • blood enters lobule via inlet venule
  • inlet venule dumps into hepatic sinusoidal capillaries between hepatocytes
  • rich in nutrients from GI tube
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11
Q

hepatic artery proper

A
  • blood enters lobule via arteriosinusoidal branch
  • arteriosinusoidal branch dumps into hepatic sinusoidal capillaries between hepatocytes
  • rich in oxygen
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12
Q

Kupffer cells

A

phagocytes cells that remove pathogens from blood
also remove worn out RBCs
cause internal volume of RBCs to decline

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13
Q

Space of Disse (perisinusoidal space)

A

space between epithelial cells and hepatocyte cytoplasm
occupied by numerous hepatocyte microvilli
also contains hepatic stellate cell

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14
Q

Hepatic Stellate cell

A

signature feature is large lipid droplet

vitamin A stored here

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15
Q

Hepatic acinus

A

diamound shaped area
extends from a central vein to a hepatic canal to another, adjacent central vein to a second hepatic canal then back to the original central vein

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16
Q

What are the zones of the hepatic acinus and which is most susceptible to damage?

A

1, 2, 3

3 is most susceptible

17
Q

Zone 1

A

closest to blood supply
has more oxygen and extrahepatic hormones
has more enzymes for glucose liberating and fatty-acid-oxidation

18
Q

Zone 3

A

closest to central vein

has more enzymes for glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis, and detoxidifcation

19
Q

Organelles in hepatocytes

A

rER for protein synthesis
sER for detox
mitochondria to provide fuel

20
Q

Protein synthesis and carbohydrate storage require what?

A

a well developed rER

21
Q

What happens to colloid osmotic pressure and blood clotting with severe liver injury

A

edema (because of less albumin)

longer clotting time (because of less clotting factors)

22
Q

Unconjugated (indirect) bilirubin

A

water insoluble

released from lysed RBCs

23
Q

conjugated (direct) bilirubin

A

what you get after liver modifies the unconjugated bilirubin to make it soluble

24
Q

Dubin Johnson Syndrome

A

defect in MDR-2
pt presents with elevated levels of direct bilirubin
relatively benign

25
Q

Gilbert Syndrome

A 
decreased conjugation (by UGT1A1)
benign condition
26
Q

Type I crigler-najjar syndrome and neonatal hyper-bilirubinemia

A

absent conjugation

fatal

27
Q

Type II crigler-najjar syndrome and neonatal hyper-bilirubinemia

A

decreased conjugation

can be benign

28
Q

Alcoholic liver disease

A

fatty liver

damage is reversible

29
Q

Alcoholic cirrhosis

A

irreversible
liver has a bunch of nodules
liver is highly dysfunctional

30
Q

Stellate cells

A

normally dormant
injury/insult activates it and makes it start to proliferate
become contractile/constrict blood flow

31
Q

Bile canaliculus

A

formed by membranes of hepatocytes

beginning portion of the bile collecting system

32
Q

Canal of Hering

A

stem cell niche

lined by cholangiocytes and hepatocytes

33
Q

Periductular null cells

A

sit in the periportal space

can regenerate liver cells

34
Q

Layers of a normal gallbladder

A

mucosa (epithelium, BL, and lamina propria)
muscularis
CT layer of serosa/adventitia

35
Q

Hallmark feature of inflamed gallbladder

A

purple specks that are inflammatory cells

36
Q

Cholesterolosis

A

elevated cholesterol levels leading to formation of foam cells in gallbladder
benign, reversible

37
Q

What do acinar cells in the exocrine pancreas secrete?

A

enzymes

38
Q

What do ductal cells in the exocrine pancreas secrete?

A

water and ions (HCO3-)

39
Q

Acute pancreatitis

A

enlarged pancreas with shaggy margins
peripancreatic fat infiltration
elevated serum amylase and lipase

Cell Biology Exam 4 (9 decks)

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