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Cell Biology Exam 4 > GI II > Flashcards

GI II Flashcards

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1
Q

submucosa

A

dense irregular CT
glands in esophagus and duodenum
submucosal (meissner’s) nerve plexus

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2
Q

Meissners plexus

A

between circular muscle layer and muscularis mucosae
regulate secretory cells
regulate blood flow within walls of GI tube
innervates muscularis mucosae

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3
Q

Myenteric plexus (auerbach’s)

A

between longitudinal and circular muscle layers

regulate peristalisis

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4
Q

Both plexuses contain _____ neurons

A

autonomic

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5
Q

Muscularis mucosae of esophagus

A

ill-defined in proximal end

much more developed in distal end of esophagus

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6
Q

muscularis externa in esophagus

A

mostly adventitia in esophagus

distal end as it enters abdominal cavity will be serosa

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7
Q

Esophageal cardiac glands

A

found within the lamina propria

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8
Q

Upper 5% of esophagus contains _____ muscle

A

striated

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9
Q

> 50% of distal esophagus is ______ muscle

A

smooth

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10
Q

In between upper and distal esophagus contains _____ and ______ muscle

A

striated

smooth

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11
Q

_______ is present in thoracic esophagus

A

adventitia

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12
Q

Z line

A

dividing line between esophagus and stomach

is a sharp transition

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13
Q

Barrett’s esophagus

A

abnormal extension of stomach lining into esophagus
metaplasia is present
pt likely to develop cancer

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14
Q

How do you confirm barrett’s esophagus, and what type of stain would you use?

A

goblet cells must be present along with columnar cells

Alcian/PAS stain

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15
Q

What third of esophagus is mostly likely to harbor an adenocarcinoma

A

distal third

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16
Q

Deeper the cancer penetrates outward through the wall the ______ the stage

A

greater

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17
Q

HGD

A

high grade dysplasia
normal cell lining the esophagus with an abnormal growth
initial stage
within in the mucosa

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18
Q

Higher the stage, prognosis goes _____

A

down

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19
Q

Lymph and mestastatic cells flow more readily in the ______ _____ channels

A

submucosal lymphatic

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20
Q

Where are the lymphatic channels more abundant?

A

submucosa of the esophagus

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21
Q

How are lymphatic channels oriented?

A

longitudinally

allows mesastatic cells to spread far cranially or caudally

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22
Q

If lymphatics in the upper 2/3 of the esophagus are receiving cancer cells, how will they spread? And what lymph nodes will this impact?

A

cranially

lymph nodes of the neck

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23
Q

If lymphatics in the lower 1/3 of esophagus are receiving how will they spread? And what lymph nodes will this impact?

A

caudally

cardiac lymph nodes

24
Q

gastric pits

A

invaginations of the epithelium and into the lamina propria

25
Q

layers of muscularis externa (innermost to outermost)

A

olique smooth muscle
circular smooth muscler
longitudinal smooth muscle

26
Q

3 types of glands in the stomach

A

cardiac glands
pyloric gands
gastric or fundic glands

27
Q

Where are cardiac glands found

A

in the cardiac region

28
Q

where are pyloric glands found

A

pylorus region

29
Q

Where are gastric or fundic glands found

A

anywhere in between the cardiac and pylorus region

30
Q

Gastric glands

A

most organized of the 3

31
Q

Isthmus

A

glandular portion starts here and goes inferiorly

stem cell niche

32
Q

What do parietal cells secrete?

A

HCl and intrinsic factor

33
Q

Where is the main cell type in the neck

A

parietal cells

34
Q

what is the function of intrinsic factor

A

important for absorbing B12 in distal GI tube

35
Q

What are the acidophilic cell seen in the neck

A

parietal cells

36
Q

What are the dark stained cells in the neck

A

chief cells

37
Q

What is the main cell type in the fundus

A

chief cells

38
Q

What is the function of chief cells

A

secrete pepsinogen

39
Q

Cardiac glands

A

deeper into the lamina propria

irregular arrangement

40
Q

What is the function of G cells

A

secrete gastrin

41
Q

What type of ions are found in mucous. And is it acidic or alkaline?

A

bicarbonate

alkaline

42
Q

Erosion

A

ulcer is confined to the mucosal layer, has not penetrated into the submucosa

43
Q

Pyloric spinchter

A

junction between the stomach and duodenum

44
Q

Esophagus and duodenum are two segments of the GI tube that will harbor ____ units

A

glandular

45
Q

Plyoric sphiner is the thickening of what

A

muscularis externa

46
Q

What layers does the pyloric spinchter have?

A

inner circle layer and outer longitudinal layer

47
Q

Pilicae circulares

A 
permanent folds of mucosa and submucosa
largest modification
slow movement of chyme
increase the time available for enzymatic degradation of nutrients and their subsequent absorption
increase surface area 3 fold
48
Q

How is fat absorbed

A

through lymphatics that exist in the villi

49
Q

Villus

A

fold of mucosa
has goblet cells interspersed amound columnar cells
core is lamina propria
increases surface area 10 fold

50
Q

MIcrovilli

A

along apical domain of columnar cells
form brush or striated border
increase surface area 20 fold

51
Q

told increase in surface area

A

600 fold

52
Q

4 signature histologic features of gluten enteropathy (celiac sprue)

A

enterocytes disarrayed
villus atrophy
crypt (intestinal gland) hyperplasia
inflammation of lamina propria

53
Q

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

A

tumor of gastrin-producing cells
has gastrinoma
more robust rugae
increased acid production

54
Q

gastrinoma

A

large number of gastrin producing cells

55
Q

90% of gastrinomas are located where

A

within the gastrinoma or passaro’s triangle

56
Q

What are the points of gastrinoma (passaro’s) triangle

A

junction of cystic and common hepatic ducts
junction of parts 2 and 3 of duodenum
point of the triangle is junction of pancreatic head and neck

Cell Biology Exam 4 (9 decks)

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