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Cell Biology Exam 4 > GI III > Flashcards

GI III Flashcards

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1
Q

lacteal

A

lymphatic channels in core of the villus

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2
Q

where does fat absorption take place

A

through the alcteal and conveyed to the larger lymphatic structures

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3
Q

Function of smooth muscle within the lamina propria

A

contract and compress lacteal and move lymph from the lacteal to the lymphatic duct to the submucosa

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4
Q

What do the plasma cells in the lamina propria secrete?

A

antibodies, specifically IgA

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5
Q

What forms the intestinal glands (crypts of Liberkuhn)

A

epithelium invaginating into the lamina propria

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6
Q

Where is the stem cell niche in the intestinal gland, and what takes place there

A

base of the gland

mitotic events

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7
Q

Paneth cells

A

present at the bottom of the instinal glands
prominent acidophilic granules
granules contain lysozymes (which are bacteriolytic)

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8
Q

Brunner’s glands

A

hallmark feature of duodenum
secrete alkaline mucus and human epidermal growth factor
don’t exist in jejunum

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9
Q

human epidermal growth factor

A

stimulates cell proliferation

inhibits acid secretion from parietal cells

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10
Q

Ileum

A

is flat
plicae circulares deminish in size
presence of peyer’s patches

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11
Q

M cell

A

located in well-developed lymphatic nodules

involved in immune surveillance

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12
Q

Teniae coli

A

3 longitudinal bands of muscularis externa that are found in the external aspect of the muscularis externa
not found in the rectum

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13
Q

Haustra

A

present in the large intestine

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14
Q

Plicae semilunares

A

semilunar folds

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15
Q

Large intestine

A 
lacks villi
brush border poorly developed
increased crypt density
increased goblet cell density
increased intestinal gland density
paucity of lymphatic vessels
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16
Q

Mechanism of appendicitis

A

feaclith and intraluminal pressure

infection and mucosal ulceration

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17
Q

Appenidix

A

lamina propria is rich in lymphatic tissue
muscularis extern has circular layer and outer longitudinal layer
villi absent

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18
Q

Valves of houston/transverse rectal fold

A

3 permanent folds in the rectum
distal/inferior
middle
proximal/superior

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19
Q

What is the function of the valves of houston

A

support and suspend the fecal mass until you poop

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20
Q

What is the gut tube derived from ABOVE the pectinate line

A

hindgut

21
Q

what is the gut tube BELOW the pectinate line derived from

A

the proctodeum

22
Q

What is the innervation above the pectinate line

A

autonomic (no pain)

23
Q

What is the innervation below the pectinate line

A

somatic

24
Q

Where does cancer below the pectinate canal drain?

A

into the inguinal nodes

25
Q

Layers of the anal canal from the lumen out

A

simple columnar epithelia w/large population of goblet cells
muscularis mucosae
submucosae

26
Q

Submucosae of anal canal

A

contains internal hemorrhoidal (venous) plexus

plexus found in three anal columns called anal cushions

27
Q

Anal columns

A

ridges projecting into lumen

28
Q

What are the three anal cushions

A

left lateral
right anterior
right posterior
(named as if the patient is in a supine position)

29
Q

Where do hemorrhoids develop

A

in the anal cushion

30
Q

Bottom of columns join together and form a wall called what

A

anal valves

31
Q

What is the name for the depressions at distal end of the columns

A

anal sinuses

32
Q

Anal sinuses

A

glandular secretions accumulate here

glands here can become infected and cause an anorectal abscess

33
Q

What are the epithelia transitions dital to the pectinate line

A

simple columnar
stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelia
stratified squamous keratinized epithelia

34
Q

Interspincteric groove (white line of HIlton)

A

ring-like depression just below pectinate line

represents the border between the internal and external anal sphincters

35
Q

What is the most common anorectal abscess

A

perianal

36
Q

Anorectal abscess

A

gland secretions and/or fecal matter plugging up anal sinuses, leading to inflammation and infection. Pockets up pus (abscesses) accumulate

37
Q

Fistula in ano

A

when anorectal abscesses develop in tubes which penetrate from anal canal to the skin of perineum.

38
Q

What are locations of fistula in ano from most to least common

A
  1. intersphincteric
  2. transspincteric
  3. suprasphincteric
39
Q

Colonic DIverticula

A

happens in large intestine only
found at sights of weakness between tenia coli
formed by out pouching of mucosa and submucosa

40
Q

False diverticula involve _____ and ______

A

mucosa

submucosa

41
Q

True diverticula involves _____

A

all layers

ex) Meckel’s diverticulum

42
Q

What is a common site for polyps?

A

large intestine

43
Q

Why do polyps develop

A

due to hyperproliferation of cells

Larger it is, more likely to be invasive

44
Q

Lymphatic vessels in the lamina propria of the large intestine

A

are poorly developed

are better developed in the presence of inflammatory bowel disease

45
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

typically confined to large intestine

46
Q

Crohn’s Disease

A

found anywhere along GI tract

much more likely to cause fissures and fistula

47
Q

Hirschsprung’s disease will always involve what?

A

rectum

48
Q

Hirschsprung’s disease (aka congenital megacolon)

A

neural crest cells do not migrate properly into involved segment of colon
Will show a lack of myenteric and submucosal plexus
causes area to remain constricted

Cell Biology Exam 4 (9 decks)

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