Neoplasia

Question 1

Papilloma

Answer 1

benign epithelial tumor possessing finger-like projections of skin or mucosa

Question 2

polyp

Answer 2

benign protrusion from mucous membrane

Question 3

Sarcoma

Answer 3

malignant tumor that arises from derivatives of mesenchymal tissue
ex. fibrosarcoma and chondrosarcoma

Question 4

carcinoma

Answer 4

malignant tumor derived from epithelia cells

ex. adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

Question 5

mesothelioma

Answer 5

melanoma (malignant)

Question 6

Examples of well differentiated tumors

Answer 6

leiomyoma, adenoma of thyroid

Question 7

Where is carcinoma in situ confined?

Answer 7

to epithelium

Question 8

Direct seeding of cavity or surface

Answer 8

simplest way in which cancer can spread

ex. colon cancer

Question 9

Where is a common place for breast cancer to spread to?

Answer 9

axillary lymph node

Question 10

Hematogenous spread

Answer 10

most common in high volume sites such as lungs and liver

Question 11

Top three places for cancer to develop in women

Answer 11

1) breast
2) lung
3) colon and rectum

Question 12

top three places for cancer to develop in men

Answer 12

1) prostate
2) lung
3) colon and rectum

Question 13

top three cancer deaths in women

Answer 13

1) lung
2) breast
3) colon and rectum

Question 14

top three cancer deaths in men

Answer 14

1) lung
2) prostate
3) colon and rectum

Question 15

Adenocarcinoma of prostate

Answer 15

cancer-suppressor genes lost early in course
P53 mutations occur late
loss of E-cadherin
hematogenous spread to vertebral column

Question 16

Where do must breast cancers happen

Answer 16

UL quadrant

Question 17

70-80% of breast cancer cell express what?

Answer 17

estrogen receptors

Question 18

Where do most lung carcinoma derive from?

Answer 18

primary, secondary, tertiary

Question 19

squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 19

more common in men

people who smoke

Question 20

adenocarcinoma

Answer 20

more common in women

people who don’t smoke

Question 21

small cell carcinoma

Answer 21

most malignant

more common in smokers

Question 22

3 common places for colorectal cancer

Answer 22

1) cecum and ascending colon
2) sigmoid/rectal
3) transverse colon/descending colon

Question 23

Teratoma

Answer 23

derived from more than one germ layer

possible site: ovary

Question 24

leiomyoma

Answer 24

smooth muscle tumor within myometrium of uterus

well differentiated

Question 25

How is the prognosis of an anaplastic tumor?

Answer 25

poor - it’s highly aggressive and malignant

Question 26

What are some characteristics of an undifferentiated tumor skeletal muscle progenitors

Answer 26

giant tumor cells

hyperchromatic nucleus that is intensely basophilic

Question 27

Typical benign growth will be limited by a _______

Answer 27

capsule

Question 28

common places for perineural invasion and spread

Answer 28

prostate cancer
pancreatic cancer
cancers confined to head and neck

Question 29

How does prostate adencocarcinoma usually grow?

Answer 29

in the posterior aspect

can use digital rectal exam to diagnose

Question 30

What are some lab tests you can perform to look for prostate cancer?

Answer 30

Look for PSA and PSAP

Question 31

Pedunculated tubular colorectal cancer

Answer 31

tubular projection

submucosa forms the core

Question 32

Sessile villous colorectal cancer

Answer 32

confined to mucosa

more malignant than pedunculated tubular

Question 33

TNM for staging of cancer

Answer 33

T- tumor
N- lymph nodes
M- metastasis

Question 34

TIS

Answer 34

tumor confined to mucosa

ex) carcinoma in situ

Question 35

T1

Answer 35

tumor has penetrated submucosa

Question 36

T2

Answer 36

tumor has penetrated the muscularis externa

Question 37

T3

Answer 37

tumor has completely penetrated the muscularis externa