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Cell Biology Exam 4 > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is gonadotropin releasing hormone released from?

A

neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus

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2
Q

Gn-RH goes to which lobe of the pituitary gland? And thru what?

A

anterior lobe

through the primary capillary plexus, hypophyseal portal veins, secondary capillary plexus

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3
Q

Gn-RH stimulates basophilic gonadotropes that synthesize and release what?

A 
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
luteininzing hormone (LH)
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4
Q

What do RSH and LH contribute to?

A

follicle maturation
ovulation
formation of corpus leteum

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5
Q

Function of estrogen

A

stimulates the thickening and proliferation of CT in the functional layer

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6
Q

LH spike

A

happens around day 13.
large
triggers ovulation

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7
Q

FSH spike

A

happens around day 13
small
stimulates follicle maturation and ovulation

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8
Q

Each follicle contains what

A

an oocyte

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9
Q

Layers of the uterus

A

outer perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium

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10
Q

function of progesterone

A

stimulate glands in the functional layer to produce and release secretory products

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11
Q

Estrogen and progesterone spikes

A

Spike just before the FSH/LH spike, then again after.

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12
Q

Layers of ovary

A 
covered by mesothelium
epithelium
tunica albuginea
cortical region
medullary region
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13
Q

Tunica albunginea

A

protective envelope completely enveloping the ovary, and consisting of dense irregular CT

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14
Q

Coritcal region

A

contains follicles of different developmental stages
follicles embedded in dense CT stroma
follicle or granulosa cells surround oocyte
oogenesis takes place here

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15
Q

Medullary region

A

contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessel, and nerve fibers

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16
Q

As women age and the ovary releases more eggs it becomes what?

A

dimpled

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17
Q

primordial follicles

A

most immature follicles
present since before birth
look like white dots immediately deep to the tunica albuginea

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18
Q

Where are primordial germs cells formed?

A

umbilical vescile

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19
Q

What are primordial germs cells in the ovaries called? How many chromosomes do they have?

A

oogonia

23 double chromatid chromosomes

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20
Q

When does oogenesis begin?

A

between the 3rd and 7th month of prenatal deeliopment

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21
Q

What phase are oogonia suspended in until puberty?

A

prophase I

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22
Q

12 hours before the oocyte is released from the ovary what happens

A

it completes meiosis I, then enters meiosis II and stops

this also generates 23 double chromatid chromosomes

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23
Q

When is meiosis II of the oocyte completed?

A

when it’s contacted by sperm

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24
Q

When does follicle development take place in a woman’s life

A

begins at puberty, goes until menopause

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25
Q

ovarian follicle

A

consists of an oocyte and follicle or granulosa cell

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26
Q

primordial follicle

A

present before birth and decreases with age. contains primary oocyte

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27
Q

unilaminar primary follicle

A

still has a primary oocyte
has zona pellucida
single layer of follicle cells become cuboidal
oocyte synthesizes activine, which stimulates stratification of follicle cells

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28
Q

Zona pellucida

A

acellular membrane surround oocyte
consists of GAGs and flycoproteins
protective of oocyte

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29
Q

multilaminar primary follicle

A

oocyte microvilli extend outward through the zona pellucida
granulosa cell filipodia contact oocyte microvilli
has theca interna and theca externa

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30
Q

How do granulosa cells communicate?

A

via gap junctions

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31
Q

Theca interna

A

endocrine cells that are highly vascular

have many mitochondria, sER, and lipid droplets

32
Q

teca externa

A

dense collangeous CT forms basket around follicle

33
Q

Antral follicles (secondarY)

A

still has primary oocyte surrounded by zona pellucida
hallmark feature is bubbles in granulosa cells which contain liquor folliculi
most superficial section of granulosa cells around antral spaces resemble a membrane (called membrana granulosa)
well developed theca interna and externa

34
Q

matura follicle (graafian)

A

happens at around day 14 of menstrual cycle
oocyte starts as being suspended in prophase I, but will complete meiosis I
small antral spaces coalesce into continuous antrum
has cumulus oophorus
corona radiata

35
Q

cumulus oophorus

A

pedestal of granulosa cells joining follicle to membrana granulosa

36
Q

corona radiata

A

layer of cells surrounding zona pellucida

37
Q

follicle right before ovulation

A

blood flow to cortical tissue ceases
clear pale spot forms, covering the follicle
proteases break down the cortical tissue

38
Q

Follicle ruptures

A

release of liquor folliculi

39
Q

Secondary oocyte about to be released from ovary

A

Secondary oocyte suspended in metaphase II

fimbriae at distal open end of fallopian tube assist in capture of oocyte from ovary

40
Q

What stage is the oocyte in when it’s is ovulated

A

metaphase II

41
Q

Following ovulation the _____ an d____ cells are transformed into the corpus luteum

A

granulosa

thecal

42
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum if a pregnancy does not happen

A

it will persist during day 15-28

afterwards it degenerates and becomes the corpus albicans

43
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum is a pregnancy does happen

A

CL remains viable until the later stages of pregnancy

it is stimulated by hCG

44
Q

What do granulosa cells differentiate into?

A

granulosa lutein cells

45
Q

What do theca interna cells differentiate into?

A

theca lutein cells

46
Q

Function of granulosa and theca lutein cells

A

produce estrogen progesterone

47
Q

What do granulosa and theca lutein cells look like

A

bubbly or frothy

48
Q

Polycycstic ovarian disease

A 
excessively thick tunica albugindea
incomplete follicular development
infrequent or lack of ovulation
no formatino of corpus luteum
infrequent periods
49
Q

Acrosome of sperm contains what

A

enzymes

50
Q

What layers does the sperm have to penetrate through before fertilizing the oocyte?

A

corona radiate

zona pellucida

51
Q

ZP-3

A

spermatozoa-binding receptor in the zona pellucida

52
Q

How many sperm can fertilize an oocyte

A

ONLY ONE

53
Q

Stages a zygote goes through before implanting

A 
2- cell stage
4- cell stage
8 - cell stage
morula
blastocyst
54
Q

When does implantation take place?

A

21 days

55
Q

Infundibulum

A

distal end of fallopian tube
contain fimbria
over over the ovary

56
Q

Mucosa of fallopian tube

A

leaf-shaped structures
made of epithelium and lamina propria
thrown into longitudinal folds to increase surface area

57
Q

muscularis of fallopian tube

A

contain thick inner layer of circular fibers and thin outer layer of longitudinal fibers
contain smooth muscle

58
Q

Serosa of fallopian tube

A

single layer of epithelial cells

visceral peritoneum

59
Q

Function of ciliated cells in fallopian tube

A

help move oocyte through

60
Q

function of nonciliated peg cells in the fallopian tube

A

secrete glycoproteins

supply nutrients to oocyte/zygote

61
Q

Most common place for ectopic pregnancy to take place

A

in the fallopian tube

62
Q

least common place for ectopic pregnancy to take place

A

in the ovary

63
Q

3 layers of the uterus

A

perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium

64
Q

Lamina propria of uterus

A

consists of uterine glands, dense irregular collagenous tissue, and blood vessels

65
Q

Cervix

A

85% dense collagenous CT
elastic fibers
some smooth muscle

66
Q

Cervical glands

A

branched, lined with mucous-secreting columnar epithelium

67
Q

Negative cervical smear

A

each squamous epithelial cell contain pyknotic nuclei
abundant cytoplasm around nucleus
RBCs
neutrophils

68
Q

Abnormal cerival smear

A

large nuclei
little cytoplasm around nucleus
neutrophils

69
Q

Menstrual phase

A

days 1-4

menstrual flow

70
Q

Proliferative (follicular, estogenic) phase

A

days 5-14
follicle maturation in prep for ovulation
estrogen stimulates proliferation of tissues in functional layer

71
Q

Secretory (luteal, progestational) phase

A

days 15-28
formation of corpus luteum
progesterone stimulates synthesis and secretion of glycoproteins by uterine glands

72
Q

Does the basal layer of uterus shed?

A

no!

just the functional layer

73
Q

Post menopausal endometrium

A

thin atrophic endometrium consisting only of stratum basal
spare inactive glands
glands may form dilated cystic spaces

74
Q

Leimyoma

A

benign smooth muscle neoplasm found in myometrium

75
Q

Different kinds of leiomyomas

A

subserosal (deep to derosa)
intramural (embedded within the myometrium)
submucosal (deep to uterine mucosa)

76
Q

What can happen with submucosal leiomyomas

A

heavy menstrual bleeding

77
Q

Vagina

A

lamina propria with elastic fibers
no glands
has muscularis and adventitia

Cell Biology Exam 4 (9 decks)

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