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Urinary Exam 1 > Renal Tubular Transport Mechanism I > Flashcards

Renal Tubular Transport Mechanism I Flashcards

1
Q

What do juxtaglomerular (granular) cells do?

A

Synthesize store and secrete renin

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2
Q

What activates granular cells?

A

Macula densa

Stretch receptors in the vascular walls

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3
Q

How are podocytes connected?

A

Interdigitating processes that cover the basement membrane

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4
Q

What are found between Interdigitating processes?

A

Filtration slits

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5
Q

What connect filtration slits?

A

The slit diaphragm

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6
Q

Three layers of the glomerular basement membrane:

A

Lamina rara interna
Lamina densa
Lamina rara externa

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7
Q

What is the role of Neph 1 and Neph 2?

A

Anchors the podocytes to the glomerular basement membrane

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8
Q

What do macula densa do?

A

Chemoreceptors sensing NaCl concentrations in the proximal convoluted tubule

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9
Q

What proteins prevent large proteins from exiting the afferent arteriole?

A

Nephrin
Podocin
CD2AP

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10
Q

What is the molecular weight cut-off for filtration?

A

40kD MW

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11
Q

PCT three sections:

A

S1: proximal
S2: middle
S3: distal

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12
Q

What do S1 cells have?

A

Brush border cells for reabsorption of most nutrients

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13
Q

S3 cell morphology:

A

Loss of the brush border

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14
Q

What is the charge in the tubule lumen in S1 to S3?

A

S1: negative
S3: positive

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15
Q

Why does the PCT lumen change in charge?

A

The Na+/K+ are pulled out first making it go from +3 to -3 which then pushes the negative ions out to the blood

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16
Q

What is the paracellular route?

A

Between two cells in the tubule

17
Q

Three cell types found in the distal nephron:

A

Connecting tubule cells
Intercalated cells
Principal cells

18
Q

What do connecting tubule cells release?

A

Renal kallikrein

19
Q

What do intercalated cells release?

A

Alpha-intercalated: secreted H+ and reabsorb K+

Beta-intercalated: secrete HCO3-

20
Q

What do principal cells release?

A

Reabsorb Na+ and Cl-; secretes K+

21
Q

What governs transport rates in the transcellular pathway?

A

Electrochemical gradients, ion channels, and transporters

22
Q

What governs the transport rate of paracellular transport?

A

Electrochemical driving forces and permeability properties

23
Q

What can occur to Na+ that are excreted via the transcellular pathway?

A

They can leak back through paracellularly due to the negative charge in the tubule lumen

Urinary Exam 1 (16 decks)

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