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Abdomen Section 4 > Renal test review reverse > Flashcards

Renal test review reverse Flashcards

1
Q

This is called a congenital condition (present from birth). The blockage is caused when there is a narrowing of area between the ureter and the part of the kidney called the renal pelvis. Urine can build up and damage the kidney as a result.

A

UPJ obstruction

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2
Q

a swelling at the bottom of one of the tubes (ureters) that carry urine from the kidney to the bladder.
The swollen area can block urine flow.

A

Ureterocele

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3
Q

is an obstructing membrane in the posterior male urethra as a result of abnormal in utero development (keyhole bladder)

A

PUV

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4
Q

an area of weakness in the bladder wall through which some of the lining of the bladder is forced out and creates a pouch where urine can collect and may not come out.

A

Bladder diverticulum

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5
Q 
column of bertin 
dromedary hump,
 junctional parenchymal defect, 
 fetal lobulation,
 lobar dysmorphism, 
duplex collecting system,
 bifid renal pelvis (incomplete duplex), 
extrarenal pelvis, 
horseshoe kidney
A

Common normal variants

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6
Q

darker than the inner medulla because of the increased perfusion of blood.

A

Echogenicity of the kidney cortex

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7
Q

echogenic an intense area of echoes.

A

Echogenicity of the kidney sinus

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8
Q

hypoechoic calyces is anexchoic when dilated such as hydronephrosis-otherwise not seen

A

Echogenicity of the kidney Medullary and pyramids

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9
Q

Nephroblastoma aka wilms tumor.
Most common tumor age 1-8, 90 % found under 5 years old. 2-8 times higher found in horseshoe kidneys.
Clinically presents as flak mass, hematuria, fever, and anorexia

A

Most common pediatric renal mass

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10
Q

Exophytic: cyst projects outward away from the kidney, Cortical: lies within renal cortex,
Parapelvic: originates in renal parenchyma and protrude into renal sinus,
Peripelvic: originates in the renal sinus, 50% 50 years of age

A

location of renal cysts/prevalence

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11
Q

nephron-collecting duct-minor calyces-major calyces-renal pelvis-ureter-bladder-urethra

A

Flow of urine

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12
Q

in the retroperitoneal cavity, on both the right and left sides of the body

A

Location of kidneys

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13
Q

a. 50% arise from the adrenal medulla, and tumors have been found in the neck, mediastinum, retrperitoneum, and pelvis,
b. Clinical symptoms, depend on location of tumor. If adrenal- enlarged abdomen,HTN,diarrhea,bone pain if metastasized,
c. 2nd most common abdominal tumor in childhood, Arises in the sympathetic chain ganglia and adrenal medulla, d.Normally seen between 2 months to 2 years, e.Neuroblastoma-common in children

A

Neuroblastoma

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14
Q

lung 33%, breast 30%, melanoma, gastric, colon, kidney, thyroid

A

Metastasis to the adrenal glands come from what primary tumors

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15
Q 
Sex hormone (Androgen-male sex hormone. 
Estrogen-female sex hormone
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Aldosterone
Cortisol
A

Hormones of the adrenal glands

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16
Q

Androgen-male sex hormone.
Estrogen-female sex hormone.
Secretes both regardless of gender.
Secreted in minute quantities, almost insignificant effects. Controlled by ACTH from the pituitary gland.
Hypofunction is termed Addison’s Disease.

A

Sex hormone

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17
Q

Responsible for flight or fight
Adrenal Medulla produces them
Both hormones are amines, referred to as catecholamines.

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

18
Q 
Steroid hormone (mineralcorticoid) produced by outer section of adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland.  
Excessive secretion (Conn’s Syndrome-aldosteronism) due to adenoma of glomerulosa cells or less common adrenal hyperplasia or adrenal carcinoma.
A

Aldosterone

19
Q 
Steroid hormone (glucocorticoid) produced by zona fasciculate of adrenal cortex.  
Excessive secretion of cortisol (cushing’s syndrome) normally from an adenoma or carcinoma of the adrenal gland or a pituitary tumor.
A

Cortisol

20
Q

arises from the posterolateral wall of the aorta, travels POSTERIOR to the IVC to supply the Kidney

A

R. Renal artery

21
Q

arises from the posterolateral wall of the aorta DIRECTLY into the hilus of the kidney.

A

L. Renal artery

22
Q

leaves the renal hilus to enter the lateral wall go the IVC. Shorter than L. Renal vein

A

R. Renal vein

23
Q

leaves the hilum , travels anterior to the aorta and posterior to the SMA to enter the lateral wall of the IVC.

A

L. Renal vein

24
Q

Aorta- renal arteries - segmental- interlobar – Arcuate

A

Vascular supply to kidney

25
Q

Renal arteries- afferent arteriole - Bowmans capsule- Glomerulus- efferent arteriole - renal veins Cleaned blood back into the circulatory system.

A

Blood supply to nephrons

26
Q

ureterovesical junction

A

Most common location for kidney stone to be found

27
Q

stone that fills entire kidney lots of shadowing

A

Staghorn calculus

28
Q

Immunocompromised
Diabetis mellitus
drug abusers
Infants with longstanding indwelling catheters

A

Renal fungal infections Most commonly affects patients

29
Q

Candida albicans

A

Renal fungal infections, Most common form of fungal urinary tract infection is……

30
Q

Flank pain
Fever
Chills

A

Renal fungal infections, Clinical symptoms

31
Q

fungal balls will be echogenic, mobile, nonshadowing structures within the renal collecting system

A

Renal fungal infections, Sonographic findings

32
Q

location-medulla indention of the renal sinus similar to renal parenchyma and contiguous with cortex

A

column of bertin

33
Q

location-lateral border of the kidney identical to renal cortex

A

dromedary hump

34
Q

location-upper pole of renal parenchymaechogenic triangular area
best seen in sagittal scan

A

junctional parenchymal defect

35
Q

location-surface of kidney indentations between the calyces

best seen on sagittal scan

A

fetal lobulation

36
Q

location-middle and upper calyceselongation of upper and middle calyces
best seen on sagittal scan

A

lobar dysmorphism

37
Q

location-central renal sinus
two echogenic regions separated by moderately echogenic parenchymal tissue
best seen on sagittal scan

A

duplex collecting (complete) system

38
Q

location- central renal sinusmiddle calyces, two echogenic regions one ureter entering the bladder on each side of the bladder

A

bifid renal pelvis (incomplete duplication)

39
Q

location-long renal pelvis that extends outside the renal bladder central cystic region that extends beyond medial renal border
best seen on transverse view at the level of the midpole

A

extrarenal pelvis

40
Q

location-kidneys seen more medial anterior to the spine

fusion of the polar region, usually the lower poles

A

horseshoe kidney

41
Q 
Urinalysis, 
Urine pH, 
Specific Gravity, 
Blood, 
Hematocrit, 
Hemoglobin, 
Protein, 
Creatinine Clearance, 
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), 
Serum Creatinine
A

Lab tests for renal failure

Abdomen Section 4 (12 decks)

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