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Abdomen Section 4 > Chapter 14 Urinary tract Power point > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Urinary tract Power point Flashcards

1
Q

Acute pyelonephritis

pyonephrosis

A

Renal infections

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2
Q

Inflammation of the kidney
Bacteria that has spread to the kidney from the lower urinary tract or less commonly, the blood
Commonly encountered by females
Treated with antibiotics
Can progress to abscess, pyonephrosis,xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis,emphysematous pyelonephritis, and chronic pyelonephritis

A

Acute pyelonephritis

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3
Q 
Flank pain
Bacteriuria
Pyuria
Dysuria
Urinary frequency
leukocytosis
A

Clinical symptoms

Acute pyelonephritis

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4
Q

Normal
Renal enlargement
Focal areas of altered echotexture
Compression of renal sinus

A

Sonographic appearance

Acute pyelonephritis

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5
Q 
Having pus (purulent material) within the collecting system
Caused by an obstructive process or infection that leads to urinary stasis
A

pyonephrosis

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6
Q 
Pyuria
Bacteruria
Fever
Flank pain
leukocytosis
A

Clinical symptoms

pyonephrosis

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7
Q

Hydronephrosis with low level,dependent layering echoes within the dilated calices and renal pelvis

A

Sonographic appearance

pyonephrosis

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8
Q

Can occur in regions of the kidney affected by pyelonephritis or be located adjacent to the kidney

A

Renal abscess

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9
Q

a collection of purelent material that has leaked through the true capsule into the tissue surrounding the kidney

A

Perinephric abscess

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10
Q

High fever
Flank pain
Leukocytosis

A

Clinical symptoms

Renal Abcess

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11
Q

Anechoic
Complex
Hypoechoic
Gas may develop which would produce dirty shadowing or reverberation artifact

A

Sonographic findings

renal abcess

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12
Q

Rare, but life threatening
May be the result of long-standing urinary obstruction, but most often found in patients with
Diabetis
Immunocompromised
Bacteria formation allows gas to accumulate in the renal parenchyma
Bacteria is Escherichia coli
Patients are extremely ill
Sonographically air is noted in the parenchyma with reverberation artifact

A

Emphysematous pyelonephritis

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13
Q

Caused by recurrent kidney infections or chronic obstruction
Leads to scarring of the calices and renal pelvis
May lead to xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and end-stage renal disease
Clinical findings same as acute pyelonephritis

A

Chronic pyelonephritis

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14
Q

kidneys are small and echogenic with lobulated borders

A

Chronic pyelonephritis

sonographically

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15
Q

Most common form of fungal urinary tract infection is Candida albicans
Most commonly affects patients
Immunocompromised
Diabetis mellitus
IV drug abusers
Infants with longstanding indwelling catheters

A

Renal fungal disease

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16
Q

Flank pain
Fever
Chills

A

Renal fungal disease

clinical findings

17
Q

fungal balls will be echogenic, mobile, nonshadowing structures within the renal collecting system

A

Renal fungal disease

sonographically

18
Q

Caused from a distant infection such as throat or an autoimmune reaction. (lupus)
Infection leads glomerular damage and the kidneys can slowly shut down secondary to diminished filtration capabilities

A

glomerulonephritis

19
Q 
Smoky urine
Fever
Proteinuria
Hematuria
Hypertension
Azotemia (abnormally high levels of nitrogenous wastes in blood)
A

glomerulonephritis

clinical findings

20
Q 
Renal artery stenosis
A decrease in the diameter of the renal arteries, usually caused by artherosclerosis
Risk factors:
Smoking
Diabetes
High cholesterol
High blood pressure

RAR > 3.5

A

Renal vascular abnormalities

21
Q 
Renal vein thrombosis
Blood clot within the renal vein
Caused by
Renal tumors
Trauma
Renal infections
Post renal transplant
A

Renal vasular abnormalities

22
Q

flank pain

hematuria

A

Clinical symptoms

Renal vascular abnormalities

23
Q

enlarged kidneys
low level echoes within dilated renal vein
absent spectral and color doppler flow

A

Sonographic appearance

Renal vascular abnormalities

24
Q

Intrinsic renal disease classified into 2 groups by looking at the renal parenchyma

A

Renal disease

25
Q 
Sonographically renal cortex that has increased cortical echoes which is a result of deposits of collagen and fibrous tissue
Interstitial nephritis
Acute tubular necrosis
Amyloidosis
Diabetic nephropathy
Systemic lupus erythematosus
myeloma
A

Group 1

Renal Disease

26
Q

Sonographic loss of normal detail making it difficult to distinguish the cortex and medullary regions of the kidney
Chronic pyelonephritis
Renal tubular ectasia
Acute bacterial nephritis

A

Group 2

Renal Disease

27
Q

Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) this condition is reversible
Kidney suffers from ischemic damage and cell destruction
Bilateral enlarged kidneys with hyperechoic pyramids, may become normal once this reverses
Most common cause of Chronic Renal Failure is diabetes

A

Most common medical renal disease to produce acute renal failure

28
Q 
decreased perfusion to the kidneys
Hypotension
Congestive heart failure
Renal vein thrombosis
Renal artery stenosis
Renal
	infection
	renal mass/cyst
	nephrotoxicity
A

Renal Failure

Prerenal

29
Q 
Urinalysis
Urine ph
Specific gravity
Blood- 
Hematocrit- 
Hemoglobin- 
Protein-
A

Lab tests

30
Q

blood, pus, bacteria-infection

A

Urinalysis

31
Q

excess hydrogen ions urine is acidic
in part- will increase formation of renal stones
alkaline urine can indicate CRF, and renal tubular acidosis

A

Urine ph

32
Q
  • measures the kidneys ability to concentrate urine. Especially low indicates renal failure, glomerular nephritis, and pyelonephritis
A

Specific gravity

33
Q

hematuria, associated with early renal disease, renal trauma, neoplasm, calculi, pyelonephritis
Leukocytes- inflammation, infection

A

Blood-

34
Q

ratio of plasma: packed cell volume in the blood

A

Hematocrit-

35
Q

can be present in the urine whenever damage or destruction of the functioning erthrocytes occurs.

A

Hemoglobin-

36
Q

indicates glomerular damage. Can be found with benign and malignant neoplasms, calculi, chronic infection and pyelonephritis

A

Protein-

37
Q

A by-product of muscle energy metabolism, produced at a constant rate.
is completely filtered by the glomerulus without being reabsorbed by the renal tubules.
An increase in blood serum levels indicate renal impairment

A

Creatinine

38
Q

Urea nitrogen is an end product of cellular metabolism
Urea is formed by the liver and carried to the kidneys through blood to be excreted in urine
If elevated, indicates decreased renal function

A

Blood Urea Nitrogen

Abdomen Section 4 (12 decks)

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