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Abdomen Section 4 > Chapter 14 Urinary System (quizlet) > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Urinary System (quizlet) Flashcards

1
Q

Two principal functions of the urinary system

A

Excrete wastes & regulate composition of blood

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2
Q

What happens if blood composition is allowed to vary beyond tolerable limits?

A

Conditions needed for cellular life would be lost

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3
Q

Location of the kidneys: _________ cavity near the ________ body wall, just below the __________

A

Retroperitoneal (retroperitoneum); posterior; diaphragm

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4
Q

Protect both kidneys

A

Lower ribs

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5
Q

Which kidney is lower than the other? (Why?)

A

Right (Large right lobe of the liver pushes it inferiorly)

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6
Q

Approximate distance that kidneys move inferiorly when patient is in deep inspiration

A

1 inch

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7
Q

Dark red, bean-shaped organs

A

Kidneys

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8
Q

Normal length measurement of kidneys

A

9-12 cm

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9
Q

Normal width measurement of kidneys

A

5 cm

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10
Q

Normal depth measurement of kidneys

A

2.5 cm

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11
Q

numerous collecting tubules that bring the urine from its sites of formation in the cortex to the pyramids; functional units of the kidney

A

nephrons (renal tubules)

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12
Q

darker part of the kidney because of increased perfusion of blood

A

outer cortex

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13
Q

lighter-colored part of the kidney

A

inner medulla

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14
Q

renal pyramids empty into the ________

A

renal pelvis

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15
Q

vertical indentation on the medial surface of each kidney; where vessels and ureter enter and exit

A

renal hilum (hilus)

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16
Q

Most posterior and superior structure exiting the renal hilum (hilus)

A

renal artery

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17
Q

Anterior to the renal artery within the renal hilum (hilus)

A

renal vein

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18
Q

slightly inferior to the renal artery within the renal hilum (hilus)

A

ureter

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19
Q

Also found with renal hilum (hilus) besides renal arteries, renal veins and ureter

A

lymph vessels & sympathetic fibers

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20
Q

fibrous capsule that surrounds the kidney

A

true capsule

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21
Q

surrounds the fibrous capsule of the kidney

A

perinephric fat

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22
Q

surrounds the perinephric fat & encloses the kidneys & adrenal glands; is a condensation of areolar tissue that is continuous laterally with the fascia transversalis

A

perinephric fascia

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23
Q

renal fascia surrounding the true capsule and perinephric fat

A

Gerota’s fascia

24
Q

Adrenal gland, liver, Morison’s pouch, second part of the duodenum and colic flexure are located where (in relation to which kidney?)

A

Anterior to the right kidney

25
Q

Adrenal gland, spleen, stomach, pancreas, colic flexure and coils of jejunum are located where (in relation to which kidney?)

A

Anterior to the left kidney

26
Q

Diaphragm, costodiaphragmatic recess of the pleura, twelfth rib, psoas muscle, quadratus lumborum & transversus abdominis muscles are located where (in relation to which kidney?)

A

Posterior to the right kidney

27
Q

Diaphragm, costodiaphragmatic recess of the pleura, eleventh & twelfth ribs, psoas muscle, quadratus lumborum & transversus abdominis muscles are located where (in relation to which kidney?)

A

Posterior to the left kidney

28
Q

upper expanded end of the ureter; as is leaves the renal sinus, it rapidly becomes smaller and ultimately merges with the ureter

A

renal pelvis

29
Q

the renal pelvis divides into 2 or 3 __________

A

major calyces

30
Q

each major calyx divides into 2 or 3 ___________

A

minor calyces

31
Q

apex of a medullary pyramid; indents each minor calyx

A

renal papilla

32
Q

internal element of the kidney; consists of a series of striated conical masses (renal pyramids)

A

medullary portion

33
Q

external element of the kidney;

A

cortical substance

34
Q

Number of pyramids

A

8-18

35
Q

bases of the pyramids are directed toward the ___________

A

outer circumference (of kidney)

36
Q

apices of the pyramids converge toward the _________

A

renal sinus

37
Q

prominent _______ of the renal pyramids project into the lumina of the minor calyces

A

papillae

38
Q

surround the calyces and may exert a milking action on the minor calyces, aiding in the flow of urine into the renal pelvis

A

spirally arranged muscles

39
Q

nephron consists of these two main structures

A

renal corpuscle & renal tubule

40
Q

filter the blood and produce urine

A

nephrons

41
Q

network of capillaries (glomerulus) surrounded by a cuplike structure (Bowman’s capsule) where blood is filtered within the kidney

A

renal corpuscle

42
Q

blood flows into the glomerulus through a small ______

A

afferent arteriole

43
Q

blood leaves the glomerulus through an ___________ which conducts blood to a second set of capillaries (peritubular capillaries) which surround the renal tubule

A

efferent arteriole

44
Q

filtrate passes through these sections of renal tubules after exiting Bowman’s capsule in this order

A

(coiled) proximal convoluted tubule (within renal cortex), loop of Henle (dip into medulla), distal convoluted tubule (within renal cortex, comes into contact with afferent/efferent arterioles to form the juxtaglomerular apparatus), collecting duct

45
Q

structure that helps regulate blood pressure in the kidney

A

juxtaglomerular apparatus

46
Q

Average length of ureter

A

25 cm

47
Q

located in retroperitoneal cavity, are obscured by bowel gas, emerge from the hilus of the kidney, run vertically downward behind parietal peritoneum along the psoas muscle (separates this from the tips of the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae), cross bifurcation of the common iliac arteries anterior to the sacroiliac joint to enter the pelvis, course along lateral wall of pelvis to the region of the ischial spine, turn forward to enter the lateral angle of the bladder

A

ureter

48
Q

1-where the ureter leaves the renal pelvis

A

location of three constrictions along the ureter’s course

49
Q

large muscular bag; has a posterior and lateral opening for the ureters & anterior opening for urethra

A

urinary bladder

50
Q

interior of the bladder is lined with ____________

A

highly elastic transitional epithelium

51
Q

membranous tube that passes from the anterior part of the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

A

urethra

52
Q

two sphincters of the urethra

A

internal & external

53
Q

arterial supply to the kidney

A

main renal artery

54
Q

branches of the main renal artery into kidney

A

two anterior & one posterior to the pelvis of the ureter (size & number may vary - in most cases, two primary branches: a larger anterior & smaller posterior. These break down into smaller segmental arteries, then into interlobar arteries & finally into tiny arcuate arteries)

55
Q

5-6 veins exit the kidney and join to form this vein that emerges from the renal hilus anterior to the renal artery; drains into the lateral walls of the IVC; returns cleansed blood to the general circulation

A

main renal vein

56
Q

follow the renal artery to the lateral aortic lymph nodes near the origin of the renal artery

A

lymphatic vessels

57
Q

arterial supply to the ureter

A

renal artery, gonadal artery & superior vesical artery

Abdomen Section 4 (12 decks)

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