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BIOMED > Renal System SEM2 > Flashcards

Renal System SEM2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of the kidneys

A

Where filtrate is processed; either reclaimed or excreted as urine

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2
Q

What is the role of the renal cortex

A

Filtration and bulk processing

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3
Q

What is the role of the renal medulla

A

Fine tuning for body homeostasis

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4
Q

What is the papilla of the kidney

A

Where urine is collected

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5
Q

What does the cortex of the kidney consist of

A

-all glomeruli
-convoluted tubules
-cortical collecting ducts

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6
Q

What does the medulla of the kidney consist of

A

-loops of Henle
-medulla collecting ducts

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7
Q

What do the renal lobes consist of

A

-cortex and medulla
-urine drains into cavity (calyx)

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8
Q

What is the role of the calyx

A

Collects urine - peristalsis to bladder

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9
Q

What are the two nephron groups in the kidney and their starting position

A

Short-looped nephron and long-looped nephron - start in cortex

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10
Q

Characteristics of short looped nephrons

A

-thick limb of henle
-in cortex/outer medulla

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11
Q

Characteristics of long-looped nephrons

A

-thick limb is deep
-helps to concentrate urine

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12
Q

What is the meaning of autoregulatory in regards to kidneys

A

Stability of perfusion and of GFR over physiological blood pressure

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13
Q

How is circulation in the kidneys protected

A

By autoregulation of renal blood flow

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14
Q

What is the first capillary bed in the blood circulation of kidneys

A

1st capillary bed = glomerulus = filtration

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15
Q

What is the second capillary bed in the blood circulation of the kidneys

A

2nd capillary bed = peritubular = reabsorption and secretion

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16
Q

What does high blood flow support

A

High glomerular filtration rate

17
Q

What are starling forces

A

Movement of fluids out and back into capillaries

18
Q

What does P mean in the darling force equation

A

P = hydrostatic pressure (pushing pressure)

19
Q

What does pi mean in the darling force equation

A

Pi = colloid oncotic pressure
(Pulling pressure)

20
Q

Is net push or net pull greater in the glomerular capillary

A

The net push is greater than the net pull

21
Q

What does PGC indicate

A

Pushing pressure progressively falls

22
Q

What does piGC indicate

A

Pulling pressure progressively rises

23
Q

How is GFR decreased

A

By ANGII(2); noradrenalin, ET-1

24
Q

How is GFR increased

A

By nitric oxide;prostaglandins

25
Q

What is the balance of afferent and efferent constriction measured by

A

Change in PGC

26
Q

What does increased afferent result in

A

-reduced blood flow into capillary
-reduced hydrostatic pressure in capillary

27
Q

What does increased efferent result in

A

-reduced flow out of capillary
-sustains hydrostatic pressure in capillary

28
Q

What are the 3 layers of the filtration barrier

A

1)capillary endothelium (-ive charge)
2)basement membrane (-ive charge)
3)podocytes (epithelium) slit diaphragm

29
Q

what does the brush border result in

A

high surface area for transport

30
Q

what are characteristics of the proximal tube

A

-high capacity
-geared for bulk transport
-lots of mito (oxidative phosphorylation)
-leaky epithelial (permeable tight junctions)

31
Q

is water reabsorption present in the thick ascending limb (TAL) in the loop of henle

A

no water reabsorption - TAL sometimes called diluting segment

32
Q

is water reabsorption present in the distal convoluted tubule

A

limited water reabsorption- no AQP2

33
Q

what occurs at the collecting ducts

A

final chance to process urine - another nephron joins and drains to calyx

34
Q

what transcriptional factor activates the mineralocorticoid receptor in the principal cell of the collecting ducts

A

aldosterone

35
Q

what does the hypertonic medulla create the potential to excrete

A

-dilute urine (100mOsm)
-concentrated urine (1200 mOsm)

BIOMED (24 decks)

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