Renal System 3

Question 1

What happens to urine osmolarity after drinking 1L of water?

Answer 1

Decreases

Question 2

What happens to plasma osmolarity after drinking 1L of water?

Answer 2

Doesn’t change

Question 3

What happens to urine flow rate after drinking 1L of water?

Answer 3

Increases

Question 4

What happens to urinary solute excretion after drinking 1L of water?

Answer 4

Doesn’t change

Question 5

What happens to water permeability when ADH is low?

Answer 5

Decreases

Question 6

What happens to water permeability when ADH is high?

Answer 6

Increases

Question 7

Is urine concentrated or dilute when ADH is low?

Answer 7

Dilute

Question 8

Is urine concentrated or dilute when ADH is high?

Answer 8

Concentrated

Question 9

Is urea actively or passively reabsorbed in the proximal tubule?

Answer 9

Passively with sodium & water

Question 10

When extracellular osmolarity is increased, osmoreceptors signal which gland to express thirst?

Answer 10

Posterior pituitary gland, secretes ADH to increase water reabsorption

Question 11

Would increased osmolarity increase or decrease thirst?

Answer 11

Increase

Question 12

Would increased blood volume increase or decrease thirst?

Answer 12

Decrease

Question 13

Would increased blood pressure increase or decrease thirst?

Answer 13

Decrease

Question 14

Would increased angiotensin II increase or decrease thirst?

Answer 14

Increase

Question 15

Would gastric distention increase or decrease thirst?

Answer 15

Decrease

Question 16

With increased sodium intake and blocked ADH-thirst system, what happens to plasma sodium concentration?

Answer 16

Increases

Question 17

With increased sodium intake and blocked aldosterone or angiotensin II system, what happens to plasma sodium concentration?

Answer 17

Doesn’t change

Question 18

With increased potassium intake and blocked aldosterone system, what happens to plasma potassium concentration?

Answer 18

Increases

Question 19

What are the 3 ways of acid/base regulation in the body?

Answer 19

Body fluids, Lungs, Kidneys

Question 20

What are the 4 buffer systems in the body?

Answer 20

Bicarbonate, Phosphate, Ammonia, Proteins

Question 21

What transporters do thiazide diuretics inhibit?

Answer 21

Na+/Cl-

Question 22

What transporters do loop diuretics inhibit?

Answer 22

Na+/2Cl-/K+

Question 23

What are the 2 types of K+ Sparing Diuretics?

Answer 23

Na+ channel blockers & Aldosterone antagonists

Question 24

Where do K+ Sparing Diuretics act?

Answer 24

Collecting ducts, including medullary collecting ducts

Question 25

Where do thiazide diuretics act?

Answer 25

Distal convoluted tubules

Question 26

What occurs to compensate for metabolic acidosis?

Answer 26

Inc. ventilation, inc. renal bicarbonate production

Question 27

What occurs to compensate for respiratory acidosis?

Answer 27

Inc. renal bicarbonate production

Question 28

What occurs to compensate for metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 28

Dec. ventilation, inc. renal bicarbonate excretion

Question 29

What occurs to compensate for respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 29

Inc. renal bicarbonate excretion

Question 30

When any diuretic is administrated, what is excreted in the urine?

Answer 30

Na+, followed by water, decreasing fluid volume (therefore BP goes down)