Endocrine System 1

Question 1

What are the 3 types of Hormones?

Answer 1

Steroids, Amines, Proteins/Polypeptides

Question 2

______ are made from lipids and cholesterol

Answer 2

Steroids

Question 3

Aldosterone & cortisol are made by?

Answer 3

Adrenal cortex

Question 4

______ are derived from tyrosine

Answer 4

Amines

Question 5

______ are hormones made from less than 100 amino acids

Answer 5

Polypeptides

Question 6

______ are hormones made from more than 100 amino acids

Answer 6

Proteins

Question 7

______ hormones can go directly into the cell via cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors

Answer 7

Hydrophobic

Question 8

______ hormones cannot enter the target tissue and need to combine with receptor on cell membrane

Answer 8

Hydrophilic, activates 2nd messenger system

Question 9

All hormones are transported in the ______

Answer 9

Blood

Question 10

Steroid hormones bind to ______ receptors and increase _____________

Answer 10

Cytoplasmic, increase protein synthesis by mitochondria & ribosomes

Question 11

Thyroid hormones bind to ______ receptors and increase _______________

Answer 11

Nuclear, increase gene transcription in the cell nucleus

Question 12

All other hormones bind to _______ receptors

Answer 12

Cell membrane

Question 13

Through this 2nd messenger system, G protein activates adenylate cyclase & ATP -> cAMP -> activates protein kinase

Answer 13

cAMP system

Question 14

Through this 2nd messenger system, G protein activates phospholipase, which activates DAG -> activates protein kinase

Answer 14

DAG system

Question 15

Through this 2nd messenger system, G protein activates phospholipase, which activates DAG, which activates IP3 -> activates IP3-gated Ca2+ channel or releases Ca2+ from ER, or both! Buildup of Ca2+ activates intracellular enzyme (other effect) or calmodulin -> activates protein kinase

Answer 15

IP3 system

Question 16

When endocrine gland hormone reaches optimum value in the _____, it _____ secretion of hypothalamic and anterior pituitary hormones that stimulate the gland

Answer 16

blood, inhibits (negative feedback)

Question 17

When the ______ to the endocrine gland hormone reaches an optimum value, it _______ secretion of hormone that simulates the response

Answer 17

response, increases (positive feedback)

Question 18

The _______ is the central area of the basal brain limbic system

Answer 18

Hypothalamus

Question 19

The 9 Hypothalamic Hormones are: GGPPCGOAT

Answer 19

GHRH, GHIH, PRH, PIH, CRH, GnRH, Oxytocin, ADH, TRH