Renal System 2

Question 1

What occurs with a high sodium diet?

Answer 1

Kidneys don’t reabsorb as much sodium

Question 2

What is renal blood for?
A. For nutrients
B. To power the filtration

Answer 2

B. To power the filtration

Question 3

What increases with Na+ reabsorption?

Answer 3

Oxygen consumption increases because kidneys use O2 from mitochondria to make ATP to power the reabsorp. of Na+ against the concentration gradient

Question 4

What effect do vasoconstrictors have on GFR & RBF?

Answer 4

Both decrease

Question 5

What hormones are vasoconstrictors?

Answer 5

Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Angiotensin II, Endothelin

Question 6

What effect do vasodilators have on GFR & RBF?

Answer 6

Both increase

Question 7

What hormones are vasodilators?

Answer 7

Prostaglandins, Nitric oxide, Bradykinin, Natriuretic peptides

Question 8

In response to low sodium, what do the macula densa do?

Answer 8

Secrete renin, which secretes angiotensin II -> increases efferent arteriolar resistance -> decreases glomerular hydrostatic pressure

Question 9

In response to low GFR, what does angiotensin II do?

Answer 9

Increases efferent arteriolar resistance & blood pressure, but DOES NOT increase RBF

Question 10

If Angiotensin II is blocked, what happens to RBF when arterial pressure increases?

Answer 10

Nothing

Question 11

If Angiotensin II is blocked, what happens to GFR when arterial pressure increases?

Answer 11

Only increases slowly/not as quickly

Question 12

What occurs when afferent arteriolar pressure is increased?

Answer 12

Decreased glomerular pressure & decreased GFR

Question 13

What occurs when efferent arteriolar resistance is increased?

Answer 13

Increased glomerular pressure & increased GFR

Question 14

What happens to RBF when afferent arteriolar resistance is increased?

Answer 14

Decreases

Question 15

What happens to RBF when efferent arteriolar pressure is increased?

Answer 15

Decreases

Question 16

T/F: Glomerular filtrate composition is about the same as plasma, except for large proteins

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Fenestrations don’t let what to get through?

Answer 17

Proteins & RBCs

Question 18

How does a fever affect GFR?

Answer 18

Increases GFR

Question 19

How do glucocorticoids affect GFR?

Answer 19

Increases GFR

Question 20

How does aging affect GFR?

Answer 20

Decreases GFR

Question 21

How does hyperglycemia affect GFR?

Answer 21

Increases GFR

Question 22

How does dietary protein affect GFR?

Answer 22

High protein increases GFR, Low protein decreases GFR

Question 23

What does Na+/K+ ATPase in intercellular space & basal face do?

Answer 23

Pumps 3 Na+ out & 2 K+ into tubular epithelial cell (inside becomes negative)

Question 24

NHE (Na+/H+ enzyme) is an example of what kind of transport?

Answer 24

Counter-transport

Question 25

SGLT (Na+/Glc channel) is an example of what kind of transport?

Answer 25

Co-transport

Question 26

What happens at Transport Maximum for Glucose Transport?

Answer 26

There are not any more Na+/Glc transporters/enzymes left to reabsorb glc, so additional glc is excreted