Renal - Nephrotic Syndromes Flashcards
Name the major (1) signs, (2) serum changes, and (3) urine changes associated with nephrotic syndrome.
(1) Edema
(2) Hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidemia
(3) Proteinuria
Nephrotic syndromes are characterized by a proteinuria of ___ 3.5 g/day.
Nephrotic syndromes are characterized by a proteinuria of > 3.5 g/day.
__________ syndrome is characterized by the following:
(1) Hypoalbuminemia
(2) Hypogammaglobulinemia
(3) Hypercoagulable state
(4) Hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia
Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by the following:
(1) Hypoalbuminemia
(2) Hypogammaglobulinemia
(3) Hypercoagulable state
(4) Hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia
Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by the following:
(1) Hypo_________emia
(2) Hypo_________emia
(3) Hypercoagulable state
(4) Hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia
Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by the following:
(1) Hypoalbuminemia
(2) Hypogammaglobulinemia
(3) Hypercoagulable state
(4) Hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia
Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by the following:
(1) Hypoalbuminemia
(2) Hypogammaglobulinemia
(3) Hyper_________ state
(4) Hyper_________emia and hyper_________emia
Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by the following:
(1) Hypoalbuminemia
(2) Hypogammaglobulinemia
(3) Hypercoagulable state
(4) Hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia
What causes the S/Sy associated with nephrotic syndrome?
(I.e. hypoalbuminemia, hypogammaglobulinemia, hypercoagulable state, hyperlipidemia, and hypercholesterolemia)
Proteinuria due to a variety of glomerular disorders
(> 3.5 mg/day)
The following diseases are six causes of _________ _________:
(1) Minimal change disease
(2) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
(3) Membranous nephropathy
(4) Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
(5) Diabetes mellitus
(6) Systemic amyloidosis
The following diseases are six causes of nephrotic syndrome:
(1) Minimal change disease
(2) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
(3) Membranous nephropathy
(4) Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
(5) Diabetes mellitus
(6) Systemic amyloidosis
Name six causes of nephrotic syndrome:
(1) _________ _________ disease
(2) Focal ___________ _____________
(3) Membranous nephropathy
(4) Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
(5) Diabetes mellitus
(6) Systemic amyloidosis
Name six causes of nephrotic syndrome:
(1) Minimal change disease
(2) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
(3) Membranous nephropathy
(4) Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
(5) Diabetes mellitus
(6) Systemic amyloidosis
Name six causes of nephrotic syndrome:
(1) Minimal change disease
(2) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
(3) ____________ _______pathy
(4) ____________ ____________
(5) Diabetes mellitus
(6) Systemic amyloidosis
Name six causes of nephrotic syndrome:
(1) Minimal change disease
(2) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
(3) Membranous nephropathy
(4) Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
(5) Diabetes mellitus
(6) Systemic amyloidosis
Name six causes of nephrotic syndrome:
(1) Minimal change disease
(2) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
(3) Membranous nephropathy
(4) Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
(5) _________ _________
(6) Systemic _________
Name six causes of nephrotic syndrome:
(1) Minimal change disease
(2) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
(3) Membranous nephropathy
(4) Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
(5) Diabetes mellitus
(6) Systemic amyloidosis
What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?
Minimal change disease
Minimal change disease is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children. It is typically ___________ and is associated with __________ disease as well.
Minimal change disease is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children. It is typically idiopathic and is associated with Hodgkin’s disease as well.
How do glomeruli on H&E appear in minimal change disease?
Normal
In minimal change disease, lipids can be found in what part(s) of the kidney?
The proximal tubule cells
What is noticable on electron microscopy in cases of minimal change disease?
Effacement of foot processes
How do the glomeruli appear on immunoflorescence in patients with minimal change disease?
No change
(no immune complex deposits)
True/False.
Minimal change disease presents with both albuminuria and hypogammaglobulinemia.
False.
Minimal change disease presents with albuminuria but no hypogammaglobulinemia (selective proteinuria).
Minimal change disease shows what changes on imaging?
Lipids in proximal tubule cells (light microscopy);
podocyte process effacement (electron microscopy)
How is minimal change disease treated?
How does it typically respond to treatment?
Steroids;
excellent response
The renal damage seen in minimal change disease is mediated by what cell type?
T cells
What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in Hispanics and African-Americans?
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is usually ___________ but may be asssociated with HIV, heroin use, and sickle cell disease.
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is usually idiopathic but may be asssociated with HIV, heroin use, and sickle cell disease.
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is usually idiopathic but may be asssociated with _____, ________ use, and _________ ______ disease.
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is usually idiopathic but may be asssociated with HIV, heroin use, and sickle cell disease.
How does focal segmental glomerulosclerosis appear on microscopic exam with H&E stain?
Focal (some glomeruli) and segmental (involving only part of the glomerulus) sclerosis
(shocking)