Pulm - Infectious Disease Flashcards
What is pneumonia?
Infection of the lung parenchyma
What are the three main pattern types seen on CXR in patients with pneumonia?
Lobar;
bronchopneumonia;
interstitial
What are the two most common causes of lobar pneumonia?
(Give percentages for the two.)
S. pneumoniae (95%);
Klebsiella pneumoniae (5%)
Bronchopneumonia is typically ____focal and ___lateral.
Bronchopneumonia is typically multifocal and bilateral.
Which type of pneumonia is characterized by relatively mild upper respiratory symptoms?
Interstitial
(atypical)
Aspiration pneumonia is typically caused by which organisms?
(Give a few examples.)
Anaerobic bacteria
(e.g. Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Peptococcus)
(from the oropharynx)
What is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia?
S. pneumoniae
What are the two most common causes of secondary pneumonia?
- S. pneumoniae
- S. aureus
Which causal organism associated with secondary pneumonia is often complicated by abcess and/or empyema formation?
S. aureus
What is a common cause of pneumonia in patients with cystic fibrosis?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Klebsiella pneumoniae is associated with pneumonia following what?
Aspiration of enteric flora
Name an organism associated with both secondary pneumonia and also pneumonia superimposed on COPD.
Haemophilus influenzae
Name two organisms associated with both community-acquired pneumonia and also pneumonia superimposed on COPD.
Moraxella catarrhalis;
Legionella pneumophila
What are the two most common causes of atypical pneumonia?
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Chlamydia pneumoniae
What is the most common cause of atypical pneumonia in children?
RSV
What is a common cause of atypical pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients (e.g. in patients posttransplant)?
CMV
S. aureus and H. influenzae are both associated with secondary pneumonia superimposed on pneumonia caused by what?
Influenzavirus
Name a few common causes of bronchopneumonia.
H. influenzae;
S. aureus;
- Legionella pneumonia*;
- Moraxella catarrhalis*
What is a zoonotic cause of atypical pneumonia associated with high fevers?
Coxiella burnetti
(‘Q fever’)
Epiglottitis is most commonly caused by what?
H. influenzae
Bronchitis is mostly of _______ etiology.
Bronchitis is mostly of viral etiology.
Pneumonia is mostly of _______ etiology.
Pneumonia is mostly of bacterial etiology.
Hospital-acquired pneumonia is almost always a(n) ________ (typical/atypical) ________ (bacterial/viral) pneumonia.
Hospital-acquired pneumonia is almost always a typical bacterial pneumonia.
Ventilator-acquired pneumonias put one at risk for what two organisms in particular?
Legionella spp.;
Pseudomonas spp.
