Renal - Miscellaneous

Question 1

Diabetic ketoacidosis causes a decrease in serum _________ and _________.

Answer 1

Diabetic ketoacidosis causes a decrease in serum bicarbonate and ammonia.

Question 2

What syndrome mimics the effects of a loop diuretic?

Answer 2

Bartter syndrome

Question 3

What syndrome mimics the effects of a thiazide diuretic?

Answer 3

Gitelman syndrome

Question 4

What syndrome is due to a gain of function in ENaC transporters?

Answer 4

Liddle’s syndrome

Question 5

Name two antibiotics which inhibit collecting duct K⁺ excretion.

Answer 5

Trimethoprim;

pentamidine

Question 6

Name two immunosuppressants which inhibit collecting duct K⁺ excretion.

Answer 6

Cyclosporine;

tacrolimus

Question 7

_______tic syndrome is mostly associated with large amounts of proteinuria, and _______tic syndrome is mostly associated with hematuria and renal inflammation.

Answer 7

Nephrotic syndrome is mostly associated with large amounts of proteinuria, and nephritic syndrome is mostly associated with hematuria and renal inflammation.

Question 8

Tubulointerstitial disease presents with _________ urinalysis and ________ GFR.

Answer 8

Tubulointerstitial disease presents with benign urinalysis and decreased GFR.

Question 9

Glomerular disease presents with _____uria and _____uria.

Answer 9

Glomerular disease presents with proteinuria (> 1 g/day) and hematuria

Question 10

Fatty casts are associated with __________ syndromes.

Answer 10

Fatty casts are associated with nephrotic syndromes.

Question 11

RBC casts are associated with __________ syndromes.

Answer 11

RBC casts are associated with nephritic syndromes.

Question 12

WBC casts are associated with what?

Answer 12

Acute pyelonephritis;

interstitial nephritis

Question 13

Brown, granular casts are associated with what?

Answer 13

Acute tubular necrosis

Question 14

Waxy casts are associated with what?

Answer 14

Chronic renal disease

Question 15

Name the cast type found in each of the following disorders:

Chronic renal disease

Nephritic syndromes

Nephrotic syndromes

Answer 15

Waxy casts

RBC casts

Fatty casts

Question 16

Name the cast type found in each of the following disorders:

Acute pyelonephritis

Acute tubular necrosis

Interstitial nephritis

Answer 16

WBC casts

Brown, granular casts

WBC casts

Question 17

Casts are only seen in diseases involving which organ system(s)?

Answer 17

Renal diseases only

Question 18

Which renal disorder class is associated with glomerular crescents?

Answer 18

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

Question 19

Which causes of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis are Pauci-immune (have no immunofluoresence)?

Answer 19

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s);

microscopic polyangiitis;

eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss)

Question 20

Which cause of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis has linear pattern on immunofluoresence?

Answer 20

Goodpasture’s syndrome

Question 21

Which potential causes of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis show non-linear patterns on immunofluoresence?

Answer 21

SLE;

poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis;

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Question 22

Is Henoch-Schönlein purpura associated with nephrotic or nephritic renal disease?

Answer 22

Nephritic