Renal/GU

Question 1

RTA a/w abnl HCO3- and Rickets

Answer 1

Type II (proximal) RTA

Question 2

RTA a/w aldo defect

Answer 2

Type IV (distal) RTA

Question 3

“Doughy” skin

Answer 3

Hypernatremia

Question 4

DDx of hypervolemic hyponatremia

Answer 4

Cirrhosis, CHF, nephritic syndrome

Question 5

Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s signs

Answer 5

Hypocalcemia

Question 6

MCCs of hypercalcemia

Answer 6

Malignancy and hyperparathyroidism

Question 7

T-wave flattening and U waves

Answer 7

Hypokalemia

Question 8

Peaked T waves and widened QRS

Answer 8

Hyperkalemia

Question 9

1st line tx for moderate hypercalcemia

Answer 9

IV hydration and loop diuretics (furosemide)

Question 10

Type of AKI with FENa

Answer 10

Prerenal

Question 11

49 yo M with acute onset flank pain and hematuria

Answer 11

Nephrolithiasis

Question 12

MC type of nephrolithiasis

Answer 12

Calcium oxalate

Question 13

20 yo M presents with a palpable flank mass and hematuria. U/S shows b/l enlarged kidneys with cysts. Associated brain anomaly?

Answer 13

Cerebral berry aneurysms (ADPKD)

Question 14

Hematuria, HTN, oliguria

Answer 14

Nephritic syndrome

Question 15

Proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, HLD, hyperlipiduria, and edema

Answer 15

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 16

MC form of nephritic syndrome

Answer 16

Membranous glomerulonephritis (GN)

Question 17

MC form of glomerulonephritis (GN)

Answer 17

IgA nephropathy (Berger’s dz)

Question 18

Glomerulonephritis (GN) with deafness

Answer 18

Alport syndrome

Question 19

Glomerulonephritis (GN) with hemoptysis

Answer 19

Wegener’s granulomatosis, Goodpasture syndrome

Question 20

Presence of red cell casts in urine sediment

Answer 20

Glomerulonephritis/nephritic syndrome

Question 21

Eos in urine sediment

Answer 21

Allergic interstitial nephritis

Question 22

Waxy casts in urine sediment and Maltese crosses (seen with lipiduria)

Answer 22

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 23

Drowsiness, asterixis, nausea, and pericardial friction rub

Answer 23

Uremic syndrome seen in pts with renal failure

Question 24

55 yo M is dx’d with prostate CA. Tx options?

Answer 24

Wait, surgical resection, radiation and/or androgen suppression

Question 25

Low urine specific gravity in the presence of high serum osmolality

Answer 25

Diabetes insipidus

Question 26

Tx of SIADH

Answer 26

Fluid restriction, demeclocycline

Question 27

Hematuria, flank pain, and palpable flank mass

Answer 27

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)

Question 28

Testicular CA a/w ß-hCG, AFP

Answer 28

Choriocarcinoma

Question 29

MC type of testicular CA

Answer 29

Seminoma (type of germ cell tumor)

Question 30

MC histology of bladder CA

Answer 30

Transitional cell carcinoma

Question 31

Complication of overly rapid correction of hyponatremia

Answer 31

Central pontine myelinolysis

Question 32

Salicylate ingestion causes what type of acid-base d/o?

Answer 32

AG acidosis and 1˚ respiratory alkalosis d/t central respiratory stimulation

Question 33

Acid-base disturbance commonly seen in pregnant F

Answer 33

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 34

3 systemic dzs that lead to nephrotic syndrome

Answer 34

DM, SLE, and amyloidosis

Question 35

Elevated erythropoietin (EPO) level, elevated hematocrit (Hct), and nl O2 saturation

Answer 35

RCC or other EPO-producing tumor. Evaluate with CT scan.

Question 36

55 yo M presents with irritative and obstructive urinary sxs. Tx options?

Answer 36

Likely BPH.

-Tx options: no tx, terazosin, finasteride, or surgical intervention (TURP)

Question 37

Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) a/w abnl H+ secretion and nephrolithiasis

Answer 37

Type I (distal) RTA