Renal/GU Flashcards
RTA a/w abnl HCO3- and Rickets
Type II (proximal) RTA
RTA a/w aldo defect
Type IV (distal) RTA
“Doughy” skin
Hypernatremia
DDx of hypervolemic hyponatremia
Cirrhosis, CHF, nephritic syndrome
Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s signs
Hypocalcemia
MCCs of hypercalcemia
Malignancy and hyperparathyroidism
T-wave flattening and U waves
Hypokalemia
Peaked T waves and widened QRS
Hyperkalemia
1st line tx for moderate hypercalcemia
IV hydration and loop diuretics (furosemide)
Type of AKI with FENa
Prerenal
49 yo M with acute onset flank pain and hematuria
Nephrolithiasis
MC type of nephrolithiasis
Calcium oxalate
20 yo M presents with a palpable flank mass and hematuria. U/S shows b/l enlarged kidneys with cysts. Associated brain anomaly?
Cerebral berry aneurysms (ADPKD)
Hematuria, HTN, oliguria
Nephritic syndrome
Proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, HLD, hyperlipiduria, and edema
Nephrotic syndrome
MC form of nephritic syndrome
Membranous glomerulonephritis (GN)
MC form of glomerulonephritis (GN)
IgA nephropathy (Berger’s dz)
Glomerulonephritis (GN) with deafness
Alport syndrome
Glomerulonephritis (GN) with hemoptysis
Wegener’s granulomatosis, Goodpasture syndrome
Presence of red cell casts in urine sediment
Glomerulonephritis/nephritic syndrome
Eos in urine sediment
Allergic interstitial nephritis
Waxy casts in urine sediment and Maltese crosses (seen with lipiduria)
Nephrotic syndrome
Drowsiness, asterixis, nausea, and pericardial friction rub
Uremic syndrome seen in pts with renal failure
55 yo M is dx’d with prostate CA. Tx options?
Wait, surgical resection, radiation and/or androgen suppression
Low urine specific gravity in the presence of high serum osmolality
Diabetes insipidus
Tx of SIADH
Fluid restriction, demeclocycline
Hematuria, flank pain, and palpable flank mass
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)
Testicular CA a/w ß-hCG, AFP
Choriocarcinoma
MC type of testicular CA
Seminoma (type of germ cell tumor)
MC histology of bladder CA
Transitional cell carcinoma
Complication of overly rapid correction of hyponatremia
Central pontine myelinolysis
Salicylate ingestion causes what type of acid-base d/o?
AG acidosis and 1˚ respiratory alkalosis d/t central respiratory stimulation
Acid-base disturbance commonly seen in pregnant F
Respiratory alkalosis
3 systemic dzs that lead to nephrotic syndrome
DM, SLE, and amyloidosis
Elevated erythropoietin (EPO) level, elevated hematocrit (Hct), and nl O2 saturation
RCC or other EPO-producing tumor. Evaluate with CT scan.
55 yo M presents with irritative and obstructive urinary sxs. Tx options?
Likely BPH.
-Tx options: no tx, terazosin, finasteride, or surgical intervention (TURP)
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) a/w abnl H+ secretion and nephrolithiasis
Type I (distal) RTA
