Renal/Genitourinary Flashcards
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) associated with abnormal H+ secretion and nephrolithiasis
Type I (distal) RTA
RTA associated with abnormaol HCO3 reabsorption and rickets
Type II (proximal) RTA
RTA associated with low aldosterone state
Type IV (distal) RTA
Trreatmant of hypernatremia
NS if unstable vital signs; D5W or 1/2 NS to replace free-water loss
Differential diagnoses of hypotonic hypervolemic hyponatremia
Cirrhosis, CHF, nephrotic syndroma, acute kiid,ey injury (AKI) chronic kidney disease (CKD)
Chvostek and Trousseau signs
Hypocalcemia
The most common causes of hypercalcemia
Malignancy and hyperparathyroidism
T-wave flattening and U waves
Hypokalemia
Peaked T waves and widened QRS
Hyperkalemia
Treatment of hyperkalemia
C BIG K (calcium gluconate, bicarb bèta-sympaticomimeticum, insulin,glucose, kayexalate)
Ca voor membraanstabilisatie
Insuline/glucose HCO3- bètasympaticomimetica voor intracellulaire opname K+
Kaliumexcretie: resoniumklysma, lisdiuretica, dialyse
First-line treatmen for moderate hypercalcemia
IV hydration
Type of AKI in a patient with FENa<1%
Prerenal
A 49-year-old man presents with acute-onset flank pain and hematuria
Nephrolithiasis
The most commontype of nehrolithasis
Calcium oxalate
Test of choice for nephrolithiasis
Noncontrast CT
Ultrasonography shows bilateral enlarged kidneys with cysts; Associated brain anomaly
Cerebral berry aneurysms (autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease , PCKD)
Hematuria, hypertension, and oliguria
Neprhitic syndrome
Proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperlipduria, and edema,
Nephrotic syndrome
The most common form of nephrotic syndrome in adults
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Nephrotic syndrome presenting 3 days fter URI, normal C3
IgA nephorpahy (Berger disease)
Palpable purpura, arthralgias, abdominal pain
Henoch - Schönlein purpura
Glomerulonephritis with deafness
Alport syndrome
Glomerulonephritis with hemoptysis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis and Goodpasture syndrome
Presence of red cell casts in urine sediment
Glomerulonephritis/nephritic syndrome
Eosinophils in urine sediment
Allergic interstiial nephritis
Waxy casts in urine sedimnet and Maltese crosses (seen with lipduria)
Nephrotic syndrome
Muddy bron casts
Acute tubular necrosis
Drowsines, asterixis, nausea, and pericardial friction rub
Uremic syndrome seen in patients with renal failure
A 55-year-old man is dignosed ith prostate cancer. Treatment options?
Wait surgical resection, radiation therapy, and/or androgen suppression
Hematuria in a 50-year -old smoker
Bladder cancer
Hematuria , flank pain, and palpable flank mass
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)
Testicular cancer associated with beta-hCG
Choriocarcinoma
The most comon type of testicular cancer
Seminoma, a type of germ-cell tumor
The most commonhistology of bladder cancer
Transitional cell carcinoma
Complication of overly rapid correction of hyponatremia
Central pontine myelinolysis
Salicylate ingestion occurs in what type of acid-base disorder?
Anion gap acidosis and 1° respiratory, alkalosis due to central respiratory stimulation
Acid-base disturbance commonly seen in pregnant women
Respriatoy alkalosis
A 55-year-old man presents with irritative and obstructive urinary symptoms. Treatment options?
Probably BPH. Options include no treatment, terazosin, finasteride, or surgical intervention (TURP)
alfa1-blocker
5-alfa-reductase-inhibitor
