Emergency Medicine Flashcards
)Class of drugs that may cause syndrome of muschle rigidity, hyperthermia, autonomic instability, and extrapyramidal symptoms
Antipsychotics (neuroleptic malignant syndrome)
Side effects of corticosteroids
Acute mania, immunosuppression , thin skin, osteoporosis, easy bruising, myopathies
Treatment for DTs
Benzodiazepines
Treatment for acetaminophen overdose
N-acetylcysteine
Treatment for opioid overdose
Naloxone
Treatment for benzodiazepine overdose
Flumazenil (monitor for withdrawal and seizures)
Treatment for neuroleptic malignant syndrome and malignant hyperthermia
Dantrolene
Treatment of atrial fibrilation
Rate control rhythm conversion, and anticoagulation
Treatment of supraventricular tachycardia
If stable, rate control with carotid massage or other vagal stimulation, if unsuccessful, consider adenosine
Cause of drug-induced SLE
INH, penicillamine, hydralazine procainamide, chlorpromazine, methyldopa, quinidine
Macrocytic megaloblastic anemia with neurologic symproms
B12 deficiency
Macrocytic megaloblastic anemia without neurologic symptoms
Folate deficiency
A burn patient presents with cherrry-red, flushed skin and coma. SaO2 is normal but carboxygemoglobin is elevated. Treatment?
Treat CO poisoning with 100% O2 or with hyperbaric O2 if poisoning is severe or the patient is pregnant
Test to rule out urethral infury
Retrograde cystourethrogram
Radiographic evidence of aortic disruption or dissecction
Widened mediastinum (>8cm), loss of aortic knob, pleural cap, tracheal deviation to the right depression of left main stem bronchus
Radiographic indications for surgery in patients with acute abdomen
Free air under the diaphragm, extravasation of contrast, severe bowel distnetion, space-occupying lesion (CT), mesenteric occlusion (angiography)
The most common organism in burn-related infections
Pseudomonas
Method of calculating fluid repletion in burn patients
Parkland formula: 24-hour fluids + 4 x kg x % BSA
Acceptable urine output in a trauma patient
50cc/hour
Acceptable urine output in a stable patient
30cc/hour
Signs of neurogenic shock
Hypotension and bradycardia
Sign of elevated ICP (Cushing triad)
Hypertension, bradycardia and abnormal respirations
Lowered CO2, lowered PCWP, elevated peripheral vascular resitance (PVR)
Hypovolemic shock
Lowered CO2, elevated PCWP, elevated PVR
Cardiogenic (or obstuctive) shock
elevated CO2, lowered PCWP and lowered PVR
Distributive (eg, septic or anaphylactic) shock
Treatment of septic shock
Fluids and antibiotics
Treatment of cardiogenic shock
Identify cause; inotropes (eg, dopamine)
Treatment of hypovolemic shock
Identify cause; fluid and blood repletion
Supportive treatment for ARDS
Low tidal volume ventilation
Signs of air emboism
A patient with chest trauma who was previously stable suddenly dies
Signs of cardiac tamponade
Distended neck veins, hypotension, diminished heart sounds (Beck triad); pulsus paradoxus
Absent breath sounds, dullness to percussion, shock, flat neck veins
Massive hemothorax
