Hematology/Oncology Flashcards
Four causes of microcytic anemia
TICS-Thalassemia. Iron deficiency anemia of Chronic disease, and Sideroblastic anemia
An elderly man with hyppochromic, microcytic anemia is asymptomatic. Diagnostic tests?
Fecal occult blood test and sigmoidoscopy; suspect colorectal cancer
Precipitants of hemolytic crisis in patients with G6PD deficiency
Sulonamides, antimalarial drugs, fava beans
The most common inherited caurse of hypercoagulability
Factor V Leiden mutation
The most common inherited bleeding disorder
von Willebrand disease
The most common ingerited hemolytic anemia
Hereditory spherocytosis
Diagnostic test for hereditary spherocytosis
Osmototic fagility test
Pure RBC aplasia
Diamond - Blackfan anemia
Aneia associated with absent radii and thumbs, diffuse hyperpigmentation, caf2 au lait spots, microcephaly, and pancytopenia
Fanconi anemia
Medications and viruses that lead to aplastic anemia
Chlorampheniicol, sulfonamides, radiation, HIV, chemotherapeutic agents, hepatitis, parvovirus B19, EBV
How to distinguish polycythemia vera from 2° polycythemia
Both have elevated hematocrit and RBC mass, but polycythemia vera should have normal O2 saturation and low erythropoietin levels
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) pentad?
“FAT RN”: Fever Anemia Thrombocytopenia, Renal dysfunction, Neurologic abnormalities
Hemolytic uremic syndroma (HUS) triad?
Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure
Treatlabt for TTP
Emergent large-volume plasmaphereseis, corticosteroids, antiplatelet drugs. Platelet transfusion is contraindicated!
Treatment for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in children
Usually resolves spontanea-ously; may require IVIG and/or corticosteroids
Which of the following are elevated n DIC; fibrin split products, D-dimer, fibrinogen, platelets and hematocrit?
Fibrin split products and D-dimer are eevated; platelets, fibrinogen and hematocrit are lowered
An 8-year-old girl presents with prolonged bledding after dental surgery and with menses, normal PT, normal or elevated PTT and elevated bleeding time Diagnosis? Treatmant?
von Willebrand disease; treat with desmopressin , FFP , or cryoprecipitate
A 60-year old African American man presents with bone pain. What might a workup for multiple myoloma reveal?
Monoclonal gammopaty, Bence Jones proteinuria, and “punched-out” lesions on radiographs of the skull and long bones
Reed-Sternberg cells
Hodgkin lymphoma
A 10-year-old boy presents with fever, meight loss and night sweats. Examination shows an anterior mediastinal mass. Suspected diagnosis?
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Microcytic anemiawith lowered serum iron, lowered total iron-biniding capacity (TIBC) and normal or elevated ferritin
Anemia of chronic desease
Microcytic anemia with lowered serum iron , lowered ferritin , and elevated TIBC
Iron-deficiency anemia
An 80-year_old man presents with fatigue, lymphadenopaty, splenomegaly, and isolated lyphocytosis. What is the suspected diagnosis?
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
Patient with fatigue is found to have a lowered hemoglobin and elevated mean corpuscular volume. What are potential causes for this anemia?
Lowered B12 (pernicious anemia, vegetarian diet, Crohn/GI disorders) or folate (alcoholics)
