Infectious Disease Flashcards
The three most common causes of fever of unknown origin (FUO)
Infection, cancer, and autoimmune disease
Four signs and symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis
Fever, tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathe, tonsillar exudate, lack of cough
A nonsuppurative complication of streptococcal infection that is not altered by treatment of 1° infection
Postinfectious glomerulonephritis
The most common predisposing factor for acute sinusitis
Viral URI
Asplenic patients are particulary susceptible to UTIs?
Encapsulated organisms– pneumococcus, meningococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella
The number of bacteria needed on a clean-catch specimen to diagnose a UTI
10tot de 5e bacteria/mL
Which healthy population is susceptible to UTIs?
Pregnant women. Treat this group aggressively because of high risk of complications
Nonpainful chancre
1° syphilis
A “blueberry muffin” rash is characteristic of what congenital infection?
Rubella
Meningitis in neonates. Causes? Treatment?
Group B strep (GjBS), E Coli, Listeria. Treat with gentamicin and ampicillin
Meningitis in infants. Causes? Treatment?
Pneumococcus menigococcus, H influenzae. Treat with cefataxime and vancomysin.
What should always be done prior to LP?
Check for elevated ICP: look for papilledema
CSF findings:
- Low glucose, PMN predominance
- Normal glucose, lymphocytic predominance
- Numerous RBCs in serial CSF samples
- elevated gamma globulins
Bacterial meningitis
Aseptic (viral) meningitis
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
MS
Initially persents with a pruritic papule with regianal lymphadenopathy: evolves into a black eschar after 7-10 days. Treatment?
Cutaneous anthrax. Treat with pnicilllin G or ciprofloxacin
Findings in 3° syphillis
Tabes dorsalis,geneneral paresis, gummas, Argyll Robertson pupil, aortitis, aortic root aneurysm
A gumma is a soft, non-cancerous growth resulting from the tertiary stage of syphilis. It is a form of granuloma. Gummas are most commonly found in the liver (gumma hepatis), but can also be found in brain, heart, skin, bone, testis, and other tissues, leading to a variety of potential problems including neurological disorders or heart valve disease.
Tabes dorsalis, also known as syphilitic myelopathy, is a slow degeneration (specifically, demyelination) of the neural tracts primarily in the dorsal columns (posterior columns) of the spinal cord (the portion closest to the back of the body) & dorsal roots. These nerves normally help maintain a person’s sense of position (proprioception), vibration, and discriminative touch.
Characteristics of 2° Lyme desease
ARthralgias, migratory polyarthropathies, Bell palsy, myocarditis
Cold agglutinins
Mycoplasma
A 24-year-old man presents with soft white plaques on his tongue and the back of his throat. Diagnosis? Workup? Treatment?
Candidal thrush. Workup should include an HIV test. Treat with nystatin oral suspension.
At what CD4 count should Pneumocystis jirvec pneumonia prophylaxis be initiated in an HIV-+ patient? Mycobacterium avium-complex (MAC) prophylaxis?
< of gelijk dan 200 for P jiroveci (with TMP-SMX); < of gelijk dan 50-10£0£ for MAC (with clarithromycin/azithromycin)
Risk factors for pyelonephritis
Pregnancy, vesicoureteral reflux, anatomic anomalies, indwelling catheters, kidney stones
Neutropenic nadir postchemotherapy
7-10 days
When discussing chemotherapy side effects often you will hear the word nadir, mainly in reference to the blood counts, particularly white blood cell count and platelet count. Nadir basically means low point, however further explanation may clarify this term in connection with chemotherapy treatment.
Erythema migrans
Lesion of 1° Lyme disease
Classic physical findings for endocarditis
Fever, heart murmur, Osler nodes, splinter hemorrhages, Janeway lesions, Roth spots
Aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease
Parvovirus. B19
Organism? Branching rods in oral infection
Actinomyces israelii
Organism?Weakly gram +, partially acid-fast in lung infection
Nocardia asteroides
Organism? Painful chancroid
Hemophilus ducreyi
Organism? Dog or cat bite
Pasteurella multocida
Organism? Gardener
Sporothrix schenckii
Organism? Raw pork and skeletal muscle cysts.
Trichinella spiralis
Organism? Sheepherders with liver cysts
Echinococcus granulosus
Organism? Perianal itching
Enterobius vermicularis
Organism? Pregnant women with pets
Toxoplasma gondii
Organism? Meningitis in adults
Neisseria meningitidis
Organism? Meningitis in elderly
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Organism? Meningoencephalitis in AIDS patients
Cryptococcus neoformans
Organism? Alcoholic with pneumonia
Klebsiella
Organism? “Current jelly” sputum
Klebsiella
Organism? Malignant external otitis
Pseudomonas
Organism? Infection in burn victims
Pseudomonas
Organism? Osteomyelitis from a foot wound puncture
Pseudomonas
Organism? Osteomyelitis in a sickle cell patient
Salmonella
A 55-year-old man who is a smoker and a heavy drinker presents with a new cough and flulike symptoms, Gram stain shows no organisms, silver stain of sputum shows gram - rods. What is the diagnosis?
Legionella pneumonia
A middle-aged man presents with acute-onset monoarticular joint pain and bilateral Bell palsy. What is the likely diagnosis, and how did he get it? Treatment?
Lyme desiase, Ixodes tick, doxycycline
A patient develops endocarditis 3 weeks after receiving a prosthetic heart valve. What organism is suspected?
S aureus of Staphylococcus epidermidis
A patient develops endocarditis in a native valve after having a dental cleaning
Streptococcus viridans
