Neurology Flashcards
Unilateral, severe, periorbital headache with tearing and conjuncitval erythema
Cluster headache
Prophylactic treatment for migraine
Antihypertensives, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, dietery changes
β-blokkers
anti-epileptica: valproïnezuur en topiramaat
flunarizine
amitriptyline (Antidepressivum).
beperkte plaats:
riboflavine (magistraal, 400 mg p.d.)
lisinopril of candesartan
venlafaxine (Noradrenaline- en serotonine-heropnameremmer).
The most common pituiary tumor. Treatment?
Prolactinoma. Dopamine agonists (eg, bromocriptine)
A 55-year-old patient presents with acute “broken speech”. What type of aphasia? What lobe and vasular distribution?
Broca aphasia. Frontal lobe, left MCA distribution.
The most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
Trauma; the second most common is berry aneurism
A crescent-shaped hyperdensity on CT that does not cross the midline
Subdural hematoma-bridging veins torn
A history significant for initial altered mental status with an interveneing lucid interval. Diagnosis? Most likely source? Treatment?
Epidural hematoma. Middle meningeal artery. Neurosurgical evacuation.
CSF finding with SAH
elevated ICP, RBCs, xanthochromia
Albuminocytologic dissociation
Guillain-Barrésyndrome (elevated protein in CSF without a signigicant elevated cell count)
Cold water is flushed into a patient’s ear, and the fast phase of the nystagmus is toward the oppisite side. Normal or pathologic?
Normal
The most common 1° sources of metastases to the brain
Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney, GI tract
May be seen in children who are accused of inattention in class and are often confused wth ADHD
Absence seizures
The most frequent presentation of intracranial neoplasm
Headache. 1° neoplasms are quch less common than brain metastases
The most common cause of seizures in children (2-10 years)
Infection, febrile seizures, trauma, idiopathic
The most common cause of seizures in young adults (18-25 years)
Trauma, alcohol withdrawal, brain tumor
First-line medication for status epilepticus
IV benzodiazepine
Confusion, ophtalmoplegia, ataxia
Wernicke encephalopathy due to a deficiency of thiamine
What % lesion in a symptomatic patient is an indication for carotid endarterectomie?
Seventy percent
The most common causes of dementia
Alzheimer disease and vascular / multi-infarct
A combined upper motor neuron (UMN) and lower motor neuron (LMN) disorder
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Rigidity and stiffness with unilateral resting tremor and masked facies
Parkinson disease
The mainstay of Parkinson therapy
Levopoda + carbidopa (merknaam = duodopa)
Bij patiënten ouder dan 60 jaar, kwetsbare patiënten, patiënten met comorbiditeit en patiënten met ernstige symptomen start men de behandeling meestal met levodopa + dopadecarboxylase-inhibitor (carbidopa of benserazide). Bij jongere patiënten wordt vaak gestart met een dopamine-agonist.
Treatment for Fuillain-Barré syndrome
IVIG or plasmapheresis. Avoid steroids.
Rigidity and stiffness that progress to choreiform movements, accompanied by moodiness and altered behavior.
Huntington disease
A 6-year old girl presents with a port-wine stain in the V, distribution as well as with intellectual disability, seizures, and ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma
Sturge-Weber syndrome. Treat symptomatically. Possible focal cerebral resection ot the affected lobe
Multiple café au lait spots on skin
Neurofibromatosis type 1
Myperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, and hyperdocility
Klüver-Bucy syndrome (amygdala)
May be administered to a symptomatic patient to diagnose myasthenia gravis
Edrophonium (acetyl choline esterase inhibitor)
