Renal Drugs

Question 1

Name some chemo drugs used in Renal

Answer 1

Cyclophosphamide, IL-2 (Aldesleukin), IFN-Alpha, Sunitinib

Question 2

Name some immunosuppressive drugs used in Renal

Answer 2

Azathioprine, mycophenolate

Question 3

MoA of Azathioprine

Answer 3

Inhibits purine synthesis. Purines are needed to produce DNA and RNA. By inhibiting purine synthesis, less DNA and RNA are produced for the synthesis of white blood cells, thus causing immunosuppression.

Question 4

MoA of Mycophenolate (MMF)

Answer 4

leads to inhibition of DNA replication in T cells and B cells

Question 5

MoA of Hydroxychloroquine

Answer 5

by decreasing TLR signaling, reduces the activation of dendritic cells and the inflammatory process.

Question 6

Name a calcineurin inhibitor

Answer 6

Tacrolimus

Question 7

MoA of

Answer 7

Inhibits calcineurin, thus inhibiting both T-lymphocyte signal transduction and IL-2 transcription. It is immunosuppressive.

Question 8

Name some inotropes

Answer 8

Digoxin, Amiodarone

Question 9

Name a vasopressor

Answer 9

Epinephrine

Question 10

Reason for using inotropes

Answer 10

to restore effective tissue perfusion and to normalize cellular metabolism.

Question 11

MoA of Calcium Resonium

Answer 11

removes excessive amounts of potassium from the blood

Question 12

Name a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist

Answer 12

Tolvaptan

Question 13

MoA of Tolvaptan

Answer 13

Improves urine flow without causing the body to lose too much sodium as you urinate.

Question 14

MoA of Fabrazyme

Answer 14

Agalsidase beta reduces deposits of globotriaosylceramide (GL-3) in the kidneys

Question 15

MoA of Phenazopyridine

Answer 15

when excreted into the urine, has a local analgesic effect.

Question 16

Side effects of Phenazopyridine

Answer 16

Turns urine orange

Discolours contact lenses

Question 17

Name some Alpha-blockers

Answer 17

Tamulosin, Alfuzosin

Question 18

MoA of Alpha-blockers

Answer 18

When alpha 1 receptors in the bladder neck and the prostate are blocked, this causes a relaxation in smooth muscle and therefore less resistance to urinary flow. Due to this, the pain associated with BPH can be reduced.

Question 19

MoA of Phenylephrine

Answer 19

decongestant that shrinks blood vessels

Question 20

Name a 5α-reductase inhibitor

Answer 20

Finasteride

Question 21

MoA of Finasteride

Answer 21

By inhibiting 5α-reductase, finasteride prevents conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by the type II and III isoenzymes, resulting in a decrease in serum DHT levels by about 65 to 70% and in prostate DHT levels by up to 85 to 90%

Question 22

MoA of Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist/analogue

Answer 22

A gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist) is an analogue that activates the GnRH receptor resulting in increased secretion of FSH and LH

Question 23

MoA of Anti-androgens

Answer 23

they prevent androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) from mediating their biological effects in the body. They act by blocking the androgen receptor (AR) and/or inhibiting or suppressing androgen production

Question 24

What is Diethylstilbestrol

Answer 24

a synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen

Question 25

MoA of Flouracil

Answer 25

principally a thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitor- causing the death of cells which are growing fastest