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The Holy Grail (Drugs) > Cardio Drugs > Flashcards

Cardio Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Give examples of ACE Inhibitors (ACE Is)

A

“pril”

Ramipril, Lisinopril and Quinapril

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2
Q

MoA of ACE Is

A

Inhibit ACE from converting angiotensin I into angiotensin II (a vasocontrictor)

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3
Q

Effect of ACE Is

A

Vasodilate, causing a reduce in blood pressure

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4
Q

Give examples of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

A

“sartan”

Valsartan, Losartan and Eprosartan

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5
Q

MoA of ARBs

A

They are antagonists to angiotensin II (a vasoconstrictor)

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6
Q

Effect of ARBs

A

Vasodilate, causing a reduce in blood pressure

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7
Q

Give examples of Beta 1 Blockers (BBs)

A

“olol”

Atenolol, Bisoprolol, Metropolol

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8
Q

Give examples of Nonselective Beta Blockers (BBs)

A

“olol”

Propanolol

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9
Q

MoA of B1Bs

A

They block B1 adrenoceptors

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10
Q

Effect of B1Bs

A
  • Decrease the force of contraction of the heart

- Decrease the HR

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11
Q

MoA of Nonselective BBs

A

They block both B1 and B2 adrenoceptors

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12
Q

Effect of Nonselective BBs

A

Basically blocks sympathetic responses:

  • Decreases the HR (reduced SA-AV node conduction)
  • Decreases force of contraction of the heart
  • Have an antiarrhythmic effect
  • Reduce Renin, so decrease BP
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13
Q

Give examples of Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs)

A

Smooth Muscle selective: “dipines”

Amlodipine, Nifedipine and Felodipine

Cardio selective: Verapamil

Others: Diltiazem

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14
Q

MoA of CCBs

A

Block L-type Ca2+ channels in Smooth muscle

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15
Q

Effect of CBBs

A
  • Vasodilation (Coronary and peripheral), so reduces BP

- Reduces myocardial oxygen consumption rate

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16
Q

Give examples of Anti-Arrhythmic drugs?

A

Digoxin, Adenosine, Amiodarone, Verapamil, Magnesium Sulphate

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17
Q

MoA of Digoxin

A

Blocks Na+/K+ pump, slowing AV node conduction

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18
Q

MoA of Verapamil

A

Blocks L-type Ca2+ channels, slowing AV node conduction

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19
Q

MoA of Adenosine

A

Stimulates adenosine receptor that inhibits adenyl cyclase, therefore inhibiting Ca2+ influx.

It hyperpolarises the AV node, suppressing conduction.

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20
Q

MoA of Amiodarone

A

Slows conduction of the SA and AV nodes

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21
Q

Give examples of Alpha Blockers

A

“zosin”

Prazosin and Doxazosin

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22
Q

MoA of A1 Blockers

A

Block A1 receptors

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23
Q

Effects of A1 Blockers

A

Vasodilation

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24
Q

Give examples of Nitrates

A

Short acting: Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN)

Long acting: Isosorbide mononitrate

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25
Q

MoA of Nitrates

A

They metabolise to produce NO, increasing cGMP, activating kinase A causing relaxation.

Also keeps K+ channels open.

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26
Q

Effect of Nitrates

A

Vasodilation

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27
Q

MoA of Ivabradine

A

It inhibits the funny channel and therefore inhibits the pacemaker activity of the SA node

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28
Q

Effect of Ivabridine

A

Decreases the HR

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29
Q

Give examples of Diuretics

A

Thiazide: Bendroflumethiazide
Loop: Furosemide

Others: Spironolactone

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30
Q

MoA of Spironolactone

A
  • It is a competitive inhibitor of aldosterone

- It targets the distal nephron

31
Q

MoA of Loop Diuretics

A

Inhibits reabsorption of NaCl in the Loop of Henle

32
Q

MoA of Thiazides

A

Inhibit reabsorption of NaCl in the distal tubule

33
Q

Give examples of Fibrinolytics

A

Streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)

34
Q

MoA of Fibrinolytics

A

Oppose the anticoagulation cascade via activation of plasminogen

35
Q

Effect of Fibrinolytics

A

“Clot busters”

Re-open occluded arteries by dissolving clots

36
Q

Give examples of Anticoagulants

A

“Blood thinning”
“rin”
Warfarin, Heparin, LMWH,

“an”
Rivaroxiban, Apixaban, Dabigatran

37
Q

MoA of Warfarin

A

Prevents Vitamin K conversion

38
Q

MoA of Heparin

A

Inactivates Xa and thrombin IIa

39
Q

MoA of LMWH

A

Inactivates Xa

40
Q

MoA of Rivaroxiban and Apixaban

A

Inhibits Xa

41
Q

MoA of Dabigatran

A

Direct thrombin inhibitor

42
Q

Give examples of Antiplatelets

A

Aspirin,

“grel”
Clopidogrel, Prasugrel, Ticagrelor

43
Q

MoA of Aspirin

A

Prevents platelet aggregation via prevention of thromboxane A2 production

44
Q

MoA of Clopidogrel, Prasugrel, Ticagrelor

A

They inhibit adenosine diphosphate receptors

45
Q

Give examples of Potassium Channel Openers (PCOs)

A

“dil”

Nicorandil and Minoxidil

46
Q

MoA of PCOs

A

They open K+ channels, causing hyperpolarisation of L-type Ca+ channels

47
Q

Effect of PCOs

A

They cause relaxation of arterial smooth muscle

48
Q

Give examples of Statins

A

“statin”

Simvastatin and Atorvastatin

49
Q

MoA of Statins

A

They competitively inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, reducing cholesterol production

50
Q

Effect of Statins

A

Reduce cholesterol, LDLs and triglycerides

51
Q

Give examples of Fibrates

A

Bezafibrate and Gemfibrozil

52
Q

MoA of Fibrates

A

They activate PPAR Alpha, that stimulate lipid metabolism

53
Q

Effect of Fibrates

A

Reduce triglycerides, LDLs and HDLs

54
Q

Side effect of BBs

A
  • Bronchospasm (never give to asthmatics)
  • Bradycardia
  • Aggravates heart failure
  • Masks a hypo
  • Impotence + libido (decreased sex drive)
  • Cold peripheries
  • Dangerous in hypotension
55
Q

Side effects of Digoxin

A

A lot of really bad shit

  • Disturbances of colour vision
  • Bradycardia
  • Tender breasts
  • Can cause heart block
  • Is toxic in hypokalaemia
56
Q

Side effects of Nitrates

A
  • Can develop tolerance (give 8 hour free window)

- Headaches

57
Q

Side effects of Loop Diuretics

A

Hypo everything

58
Q

Side effects of CCBs

A
  • Ankle Oedema

- Don’t give with BBs as will cause severe bradycardia (especially verapamil)

59
Q

Side effects of ACE Is

A

Never use in pregnancy

  • Dry cough
  • Angioedema (in afro-Caribbeans)
  • hyperkalaemia
  • first dose hypertension (if on diruetics)
60
Q

Side effects of ARBs

A

Never use in pregnancy

61
Q

Side effects of Anticoagulants

A

Risk of haemorrhage

62
Q

Side effect of PCOs

A

NaCl and water retention

63
Q

Give an example of an Anti-Muscarinic

A

Non-selective: Atropine

64
Q

MoA of Atropine

A

Inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system (M1, M2, M3) and so increased SA node conduction

65
Q

Effects of Atropine

A

Increased HR

66
Q

Side effects of Atropine

A

Dry mouth and pupil dilation

67
Q

Give an example of a B1 receptor agonist

A

Dobutamine

68
Q

MoA of Dobutamine

A

Stimulation of B1 receptor

69
Q

Effects of Dobutamine

A

Increases AV node conduction

70
Q

Side effects of Statins

A

Don’t give in pregnant woman

  • Myopathy
  • Renal Failure
71
Q

Side effects of Fibrates

A

Myositis

72
Q

Side effects of Antiplatelets

A
  • Haemorrhage

- Peptic ulcer

73
Q

Side effects of Spironolactone

A
  • Gynecomastia

- Hyperkalaemia

The Holy Grail (Drugs) (15 decks)

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