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The Holy Grail (Drugs) > Autonomic Receptors > Flashcards

Autonomic Receptors Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of autonomic receptors?

A

Cholinergic and Adrenergic

Cholinergic - stimulated by ACh

Adrenergic - stimulated by noradrenaline and adrenaline

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2
Q

What are the types of Cholinergic receptors?

A

Nicotinic and Muscarinic

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3
Q

What are the Nicotinic receptors?

A

Nn and Nm

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4
Q

Where are Nicotinic receptors found?

A

The Adrenal Medulla

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5
Q

What are Cholinergic receptors?

A

They are stimulated by ACh

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6
Q

What are Adrenergic Receptors?

A

They are stimulated by Noradrenaline and Adrenaline

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7
Q

When stimulated what do Nicotinic receptors do?

A

They increase Na influx into cells

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8
Q

Where are Nn receptors found?

A

At autonomic junctions

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9
Q

Where are Nm receptors found?

A

In muscle

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10
Q

What are the Muscarinic receptors?

A

M1, M2 and M3

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11
Q

When stimulated what do Muscarinic receptors do?

A

They stimulate G proteins

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12
Q

What types of G proteins are there?

A

Gq, Gi and Gs

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13
Q

What does Gq do when stimulated?

A

Increase stimulation of Phospholipase C

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14
Q

What does Gi do when stimulated?

A

Inhibit adenyl cyclase

Decrease cAMP

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15
Q

What does Gs so when stimulated?

A

Stimulation of adenyl cyclase

Increase cAMP

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16
Q

When stimulated, what does M1 do?

A

- Increased acid secretion in the stomach

  • Increases gland secretion in the ENS
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17
Q

When stimulated, what does M2 do?

A
  • Decreases HR by increasing SA-AV node delay
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18
Q

When stimulated, what does M3 do?

A

M3 gives a “wet picture” - lots of secretions

- Contraction of visceral smooth muscle (bronchoconstriction)

- Increased secretion of Saliva

  • Increases Vasodilation
  • Pupil constriction
  • Relaxed sphincters
  • Vomiting/urination etc
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19
Q

What are the types of Adrenergic receptors?

A

Alpha, Beta and Dopamine

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20
Q

What are Alpha receptors?

A

A1 and A2

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21
Q

Where are M1 receptors found?

A

In the ENS and the CNS

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22
Q

Where are M2 receptors found?

A

In Cardiac Muscle

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23
Q

Where are A1 receptors found?

A

In the heart and vascular smooth muscle

24
Q

Where are A2 receptors found?

A

In some vascular smooth muscle

25
Q

Where are B1 receptors found?

A

In the heart

26
Q

Where are B2 receptors found?

A

In respiratory and vascular smooth muscle

27
Q

What is the opposite of the B1 receptor?

A

The M2 receptor

28
Q

When stimulated, what does A1 do?

A

- Increases vasoconstriction through contraction of vascular smooth muscle

  • Increases HR
  • Increases the force of contraction of the heart
  • Pupil dilation
  • Constricts sphincters
29
Q

When stimulated, what does A2 do?

A

- Inhibits noradrenaline release

30
Q

When stimulated, what does B1 do?

A
  • Increases the force of contraction of the heart (SV)

- Increases HR by decreasing the SA-AV node delay

  • Increases CO (SV X HR)
31
Q

When stimulated, what does B2 do?

A

- Bronchodilates

- Increases Vasodilation

  • Inhibit histamine released from Mast cells
  • Increase Renin secretion
  • Increases contraction in GI sphincters
32
Q

What G protein do A1 receptors act on?

A

Gq

33
Q

What G protein do A2 receptors act on?

A

Gi

34
Q

What G protein do B1 receptors act on?

A

Gs

35
Q

What G protein do B2 receptors act on?

A

Gs

36
Q

What G protein do M1 receptors act on?

A

Gq

37
Q

What G protein do M2 receptors act on?

A

Gi

38
Q

What G protein do M3 receptors act on?

A

Gq

39
Q

What is the mnemonic for remembering what receptors act on what G proteins?

A

“Kiss Quick” = QISS QIQ

A1 - Q

A2 - I

B1 - S

B2- S

M1 - Q

M2 - I

M3- Q

40
Q

What is Sympathetic Nervous System

A

Fight or Flight

41
Q

What is Para-sympathetic Nervous System

A

Rest and Digest

42
Q

What is the pre-ganglionic neurotransmitter for the Sympathetic Nervous System

A

ACh (acetylcholine)

43
Q

What is the post-ganglionic neurotransmitter for the Sympathetic Nervous System

A

Noradrenaline

44
Q

What is the pre-ganglionic neurotransmitter for the Para-sympathetic Nervous System

A

ACh (acetylcholine)

45
Q

What is the post-ganglionic neurotransmitter for the Para-sympathetic Nervous System

A

ACh (acetylcholine)

46
Q

What is the Autonomic Nervous System?

A

Both the Sympathetic and Para-sympathetic nervous systems

47
Q

What part of the Autonomic nervous system are Muscarinic receptors?

A

Post-ganglion Para-sympathetic

48
Q

What part of the Autonomic nervous system are Alpha receptors?

A

Post-ganglion Sympathetic

49
Q

What part of the Autonomic nervous system are Beta receptors?

A

Post-ganglion Sympathetic

50
Q

What is the exception for the Adrenal Medulla?

A

There is no post-ganglionic neurone. Pre-gangionic ACh stimulates Nicotinic receptors in the adrenal medulla. This then stimulates the secretion of adrenaline into the bloodstream where it acts on adrenergic receptors.

51
Q

What is the length of pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurones?

A

Short

52
Q

What is the length of post-ganglionic sympathetic neurones?

A

Long

53
Q

What is the length of pre-ganglionic para-sympathetic neurones?

A

Long

54
Q

What is the length of post-ganglionic para-sympathetic neurones?

A

Short

55
Q

Where do the sympathetic nerves exit the spinal cord?

A

They leave at T1-L2, and pass into splanchnic nerves to supply organs.

56
Q

Where do para-sympathetic nerves exit the spinal cord?

A

They have a cranialsacral outflow.

Exit cranial nerves : III, VII, IX, X

The Vagus nerve supplies organs of the head, neck, chest, abdomen and mid-gut.

Sacral Spinal nerves supply the organs of the hindgut, pelvis and perineum.

57
Q

What is the mnemonic to remember all the receptor actions on the body?

A

Very Clever Nurses Fight Hard Because Doctors (Very Dedicated), Go Home BeCause Sleepy

VC - Vasoconstriction

N - Noradrenaline inhibition

F - Force of contraction

H - Heart-rate increased

BD - Bronchodilation

VD - Vasodilation

G - Gastric acid secretion

H - Heart-rate decreased

BC - Bronchoconstriction

S - Saliva secretion

The Holy Grail (Drugs) (15 decks)

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