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The Holy Grail (Drugs) > Derm Drugs > Flashcards

Derm Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Reversible side effects of Glucocorticosteroids

A
  • Immunosuppression
  • Contact allergy
  • Steroid rebound of pustular psoriasis
  • Spread of infection due to immune suppression
  • Steroid rosacea
  • Small superficial dilated blood vessels (telangiectasia)
  • Purpura rash
  • Steroid folliculitis (pustules in follicles)
  • Peri-oral dermatitis
  • Tinea incognito
  • Reduced effect due to long-term use
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2
Q

MoA of topical Corticosteroids

A

Vasoconstrictive
Anti-inflammatory
Antiproliferative

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3
Q

Name a mild topical steroid

A

Hydrocortisone 1%

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4
Q

Name a moderate topical steroid

A

Modrasone 0.05%
Clobetasone 0.05%
Butyrate 0.05%

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5
Q

Name a potent topical steroid

A

Mometasone 0.1%
Betamethasone 0.1%
Valerate 0.1%

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6
Q

Name a very potent topical steroid

A

Clobetasol 0.05%

Proprionate 0.05%

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7
Q

MoA of Calcineurin inhibitors

A

Immunosuppressors

They suppress lymphocyte activation

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8
Q

Side effect of Calcineurin inhibitors

A

Immunosuppression
Burning sensation on application
Risk of infections
Risk of skin cancer

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9
Q

Name some Calcineurin inhibitors

A

Tacrolimus
Pimecrolimus
Ciclosporin

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10
Q

MoA of Antiseptics

A

They have bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal effects

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11
Q

Name some Antiseptics

A 
Povidone iodine (Betadine) 
Chlorhexidine (Hibitane, Savlon)
Triclosan (Aquasept, Sterzac)
Hydrogen peroxide (Crystacide)
Potassium Permanganate
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12
Q

Name an Anti-yeast

A

Nystatin

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13
Q

Name some anti-pruritics

A 
Menthol (Dermacool)
Capsaicin
Camphor
Phenol
Crotamiton (Eurax cream)
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14
Q

MoA of Keratinolytics

A

Softens Keratin

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15
Q

Name some Keratinolytics

A 
Salicylic Acid ointment (2-20%)
Benzoyl peroxide (Topical: Acnecide)
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16
Q

Side effects of topical therapies

A 
Burning or irritation
Staining
Contact allergic dermatitis
Local toxicity 
Systemic toxicity
17
Q

1 fingertip unit of topical steroids = ?

A

Covers 2 hands areas

18
Q

Non-reversible side effects of Glucocorticosteroids

A
  • Skin atrophy (thinning of skin)
  • Stretch marks (striae atrophica)
  • Glaucoma
  • Cataracts
  • Hirsutism
19
Q

Name Anti-fungals

A

Clotrimazole
Terbinafine cream
Ketaconazole

20
Q

Function and target of Dasatinib and Imatinib

A

Prevents cell growth

C-kit caused Melanoma

21
Q

Function and target of Vemurafenib

Dabrafenib

A

Prevents cell growth

B-Raf caused Melanoma

22
Q

Function and target of Trametinib

A

Prevent cell growth

MEK caused Melanoma

23
Q

Function and target of Ipilimumab, Tremelimumab and Pembrolizumab

A

T cell activation to enable tumour cell killing

CTLA-4 and PD-1 on T cells

24
Q

Effects of phototherapy

A

Anti-inflammatory
Immunosuppression
Antiproliferative
Apoptotic

25
Q

Name some Vitamin D analogues

A

Calcitrol

Tacalcitrol

26
Q

Name the MoA of Vitamin D analogues

A

Vitamin D is important for the absorption of calcium from the stomach and for the functioning of calcium in the body. Psoriasis is caused by your skin cells being produced too quickly. Analogues help to bring the rate at which these skin cells are produced back to normal.

27
Q

MoA of Acitretin

A

It binds to nuclear receptors that regulate gene transcription. They induce keratinocyte differentiation and reduce epidermal hyperplasia, leading to the slowing of cell reproduction.

28
Q

Name some 2nd generation retinoids

A

Acitretin

29
Q

Name some 3rd generation retinoids

A

Tazarotene

Adapalene (topical)

30
Q

MoA of retinoids:

A

Dry out the skin

Retinoids have many important functions throughout the body including roles in vision,[1] regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, growth of bone tissue, immune function, and activation of tumour suppressor genes.

31
Q

Name some 1st generation retinoids

A

Isotretinoin

32
Q

Side effects of isotretinoin:

A

Dry lips
Dry hair

Teratogenic - contraindicated in pregnancy

33
Q

Name four antibiotics used in Acne

A

Oxytetracycline
Doxycycline
Lymecycline
Erythromycin

34
Q

What is Epiduo?

A

Combination: Topical retinoid + topical benzoyl peroxide

35
Q

What is Duac?

A

Combination: Topical benzoyl peroxide + antibiotic

36
Q

What is Aknemycin?

A

Combination: Topical benzoyl peroxide + antibiotic

37
Q

Side effects of tetracyclines?

A

Teratogenic (teeth discolouring), photosensitivity

38
Q

MoA of tetracyclines

A

Protein synthesis inhibitors

Binds to 30S subunit blocking binding of aminoacyl-tRNA

The Holy Grail (Drugs) (15 decks)

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