Derm Drugs Flashcards
Reversible side effects of Glucocorticosteroids
- Immunosuppression
- Contact allergy
- Steroid rebound of pustular psoriasis
- Spread of infection due to immune suppression
- Steroid rosacea
- Small superficial dilated blood vessels (telangiectasia)
- Purpura rash
- Steroid folliculitis (pustules in follicles)
- Peri-oral dermatitis
- Tinea incognito
- Reduced effect due to long-term use
MoA of topical Corticosteroids
Vasoconstrictive
Anti-inflammatory
Antiproliferative
Name a mild topical steroid
Hydrocortisone 1%
Name a moderate topical steroid
Modrasone 0.05%
Clobetasone 0.05%
Butyrate 0.05%
Name a potent topical steroid
Mometasone 0.1%
Betamethasone 0.1%
Valerate 0.1%
Name a very potent topical steroid
Clobetasol 0.05%
Proprionate 0.05%
MoA of Calcineurin inhibitors
Immunosuppressors
They suppress lymphocyte activation
Side effect of Calcineurin inhibitors
Immunosuppression
Burning sensation on application
Risk of infections
Risk of skin cancer
Name some Calcineurin inhibitors
Tacrolimus
Pimecrolimus
Ciclosporin
MoA of Antiseptics
They have bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal effects
Name some Antiseptics
Povidone iodine (Betadine) Chlorhexidine (Hibitane, Savlon) Triclosan (Aquasept, Sterzac) Hydrogen peroxide (Crystacide) Potassium Permanganate
Name an Anti-yeast
Nystatin
Name some anti-pruritics
Menthol (Dermacool) Capsaicin Camphor Phenol Crotamiton (Eurax cream)
MoA of Keratinolytics
Softens Keratin
Name some Keratinolytics
Salicylic Acid ointment (2-20%) Benzoyl peroxide (Topical: Acnecide)
Side effects of topical therapies
Burning or irritation Staining Contact allergic dermatitis Local toxicity Systemic toxicity
1 fingertip unit of topical steroids = ?
Covers 2 hands areas
Non-reversible side effects of Glucocorticosteroids
- Skin atrophy (thinning of skin)
- Stretch marks (striae atrophica)
- Glaucoma
- Cataracts
- Hirsutism
Name Anti-fungals
Clotrimazole
Terbinafine cream
Ketaconazole
Function and target of Dasatinib and Imatinib
Prevents cell growth
C-kit caused Melanoma
Function and target of Vemurafenib
Dabrafenib
Prevents cell growth
B-Raf caused Melanoma
Function and target of Trametinib
Prevent cell growth
MEK caused Melanoma
Function and target of Ipilimumab, Tremelimumab and Pembrolizumab
T cell activation to enable tumour cell killing
CTLA-4 and PD-1 on T cells
Effects of phototherapy
Anti-inflammatory
Immunosuppression
Antiproliferative
Apoptotic
Name some Vitamin D analogues
Calcitrol
Tacalcitrol
Name the MoA of Vitamin D analogues
Vitamin D is important for the absorption of calcium from the stomach and for the functioning of calcium in the body. Psoriasis is caused by your skin cells being produced too quickly. Analogues help to bring the rate at which these skin cells are produced back to normal.
MoA of Acitretin
It binds to nuclear receptors that regulate gene transcription. They induce keratinocyte differentiation and reduce epidermal hyperplasia, leading to the slowing of cell reproduction.
Name some 2nd generation retinoids
Acitretin
Name some 3rd generation retinoids
Tazarotene
Adapalene (topical)
MoA of retinoids:
Dry out the skin
Retinoids have many important functions throughout the body including roles in vision,[1] regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, growth of bone tissue, immune function, and activation of tumour suppressor genes.
Name some 1st generation retinoids
Isotretinoin
Side effects of isotretinoin:
Dry lips
Dry hair
Teratogenic - contraindicated in pregnancy
Name four antibiotics used in Acne
Oxytetracycline
Doxycycline
Lymecycline
Erythromycin
What is Epiduo?
Combination: Topical retinoid + topical benzoyl peroxide
What is Duac?
Combination: Topical benzoyl peroxide + antibiotic
What is Aknemycin?
Combination: Topical benzoyl peroxide + antibiotic
Side effects of tetracyclines?
Teratogenic (teeth discolouring), photosensitivity
MoA of tetracyclines
Protein synthesis inhibitors
Binds to 30S subunit blocking binding of aminoacyl-tRNA
