Derm Drugs Flashcards by Sam Donnelly

Reversible side effects of Glucocorticosteroids

Immunosuppression
Contact allergy
Steroid rebound of pustular psoriasis
Spread of infection due to immune suppression
Steroid rosacea
Small superficial dilated blood vessels (telangiectasia)
Purpura rash
Steroid folliculitis (pustules in follicles)
Peri-oral dermatitis
Tinea incognito
Reduced effect due to long-term use

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MoA of topical Corticosteroids

Vasoconstrictive
Anti-inflammatory
Antiproliferative

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Name a mild topical steroid

Hydrocortisone 1%

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Name a moderate topical steroid

Modrasone 0.05%
Clobetasone 0.05%
Butyrate 0.05%

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Name a potent topical steroid

Mometasone 0.1%
Betamethasone 0.1%
Valerate 0.1%

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Name a very potent topical steroid

Clobetasol 0.05%

Proprionate 0.05%

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MoA of Calcineurin inhibitors

Immunosuppressors

They suppress lymphocyte activation

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Side effect of Calcineurin inhibitors

Immunosuppression
Burning sensation on application
Risk of infections
Risk of skin cancer

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Name some Calcineurin inhibitors

Tacrolimus
Pimecrolimus
Ciclosporin

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MoA of Antiseptics

They have bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal effects

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Name some Antiseptics

Povidone iodine (Betadine) 
Chlorhexidine (Hibitane, Savlon)
Triclosan (Aquasept, Sterzac)
Hydrogen peroxide (Crystacide)
Potassium Permanganate

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Name an Anti-yeast

Nystatin

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Name some anti-pruritics

Menthol (Dermacool)
Capsaicin
Camphor
Phenol
Crotamiton (Eurax cream)

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MoA of Keratinolytics

Softens Keratin

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Name some Keratinolytics

Salicylic Acid ointment (2-20%)
Benzoyl peroxide (Topical: Acnecide)

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Side effects of topical therapies

Burning or irritation
Staining
Contact allergic dermatitis
Local toxicity 
Systemic toxicity

1 fingertip unit of topical steroids = ?

Covers 2 hands areas

Non-reversible side effects of Glucocorticosteroids

Skin atrophy (thinning of skin)
Stretch marks (striae atrophica)
Glaucoma
Cataracts
Hirsutism

Name Anti-fungals

Clotrimazole
Terbinafine cream
Ketaconazole

Function and target of Dasatinib and Imatinib

Prevents cell growth

C-kit caused Melanoma

Function and target of Vemurafenib

Dabrafenib

Prevents cell growth

B-Raf caused Melanoma

Function and target of Trametinib

Prevent cell growth

MEK caused Melanoma

Function and target of Ipilimumab, Tremelimumab and Pembrolizumab

T cell activation to enable tumour cell killing

CTLA-4 and PD-1 on T cells

Effects of phototherapy

Anti-inflammatory
Immunosuppression
Antiproliferative
Apoptotic

Name some Vitamin D analogues

Calcitrol | Tacalcitrol

Name the MoA of Vitamin D analogues

Vitamin D is important for the absorption of calcium from the stomach and for the functioning of calcium in the body. Psoriasis is caused by your skin cells being produced too quickly. Analogues help to bring the rate at which these skin cells are produced back to normal.

MoA of Acitretin

It binds to nuclear receptors that regulate gene transcription. They induce keratinocyte differentiation and reduce epidermal hyperplasia, leading to the slowing of cell reproduction.

Name some 2nd generation retinoids

Acitretin

Name some 3rd generation retinoids

Tazarotene | Adapalene (topical)

MoA of retinoids:

Dry out the skin Retinoids have many important functions throughout the body including roles in vision,[1] regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, growth of bone tissue, immune function, and activation of tumour suppressor genes.

Name some 1st generation retinoids

Isotretinoin

Side effects of isotretinoin:

Dry lips Dry hair Teratogenic - contraindicated in pregnancy

Name four antibiotics used in Acne

Oxytetracycline Doxycycline Lymecycline Erythromycin

What is Epiduo?

Combination: Topical retinoid + topical benzoyl peroxide

What is Duac?

Combination: Topical benzoyl peroxide + antibiotic

What is Aknemycin?

Combination: Topical benzoyl peroxide + antibiotic

Side effects of tetracyclines?

Teratogenic (teeth discolouring), photosensitivity

MoA of tetracyclines

Protein synthesis inhibitors | Binds to 30S subunit blocking binding of aminoacyl-tRNA