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The Holy Grail (Drugs) > GI Drugs > Flashcards

GI Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Give examples of Antacids

A

Gaviscon

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2
Q

Side effects of Antacids

A

Nausea
Constipation
Diarrhoea
Headaches

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3
Q

MoA of Antacids

A

They contain alkaline ions that neutralise stomach acid

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4
Q

Effects of Antacids

A

Reduce acid reflux

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5
Q

Give examples of 5-Aminosalytic Acids

A

Mesalazine

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6
Q

Side effects of 5ASAs

A

GI upsets
Peripheral Neuropathy
Pancreatitis

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7
Q

MoA of 5ASAs

A

Release of aminosalicylic acid

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8
Q

Effect of 5ASAs

A

Reduce inflammation

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9
Q

Give examples of Anti-motility

A

Loperamide

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10
Q

Side effects of Anti-motility

A 
Dizziness
Dry mouth
Vomiting
Constipation
Abdominal pain
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11
Q

MoA of Anti-motility

A

Stimulates opioid receptors

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12
Q

Effect of Anti-motility

A

Increases tone and contractions on the small intestine, constricts smooth muscle sphincters and inhibits peristalsis- causing constipation

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13
Q

Give examples of Anti-emetics

A

D1 receptor antagonists:

  • Metoclopramide
  • Domperidone

H1 receptors antagonists:
- Cyclizine:

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14
Q

Side effects of Anti-emetics

A

Avoid if at risk of hepatic encephalopathy
Avoid if patient has prostatic hyperplasia

Dry mouth
Restlessness

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15
Q

Give examples of H2 Receptor Antagonists

A

Ranitidine

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16
Q

MoA of H2 Receptor Antagonists

A

Competitive inhibitor of Histamine receptors on parietal cells

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17
Q

Side effects of H2 Receptor Antagonists

A

Nausea
Constipation
Diarrhoea
Headaches

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18
Q

Effects of H2 Receptor Antagonists

A

Decreases the production of stomach acid

19
Q

Give examples of Immunosuppressants

A

Azathioprine and Methotrexate

20
Q

MoA of Azathioprine and Methotrexate

A

Metabolites halt DNA replication of T and B cells

21
Q

Side effects of Azathioprine

A

Pancreatitis
Leucopaenia
Hepatitis
Small risk of lymphoma, skin cancer

22
Q

Effects of Azathioprine and Methotrexate

A

Immunosuppresses

23
Q

Side effects of Methotrexate

A

Hepatotoxicity
Don’t give in pregnancy as it’s a chemo agent
Decreases WBC

24
Q

Give examples of Proton Pump Inhibitors

A

Omeprazole

Bismuth Chelate

25
Q

MoA of PPIs

A

Inhibition the H+/K+-ATPase system in parietal cells

26
Q

Side effects of PPIs

A 
Nausea
Fatigue
Dizziness 
Diarrhoea
Headache
27
Q

Effects of PPIs

A

Suppresses stomach acid secretion

28
Q

Give examples of Anti-TNF-alphas

A

Infliximab

29
Q

MoA of Anti-TNF-alphas

A
  • Acts against TNF-alpha as an antibody

- Promotes apoptosis of T cells

30
Q

Side effects of Anti-TNF-alphas

A
  • Reactivation of TB/ Hep
  • Drug-induced lupus
  • Serious infections
31
Q

Effect of Anti-TNF-alphas

A

Counteracts the body’s harmful autoimmune response

32
Q

MoA of Ursodeoxycholic acid

A

Reduces cholesterol absorption

33
Q

Effect of Ursodeoxycholic acid

A

Reduced gallstone size

34
Q

Give examples of Anti-virals

A

IF-alpha (peginterferon)

Hep B: Tenofovir and Entecavir
Hep C: Ribavirin and Sofosbuvir

35
Q

MoA of Anti-virals

A

They prevent viral replication

36
Q

Side effects of IF-alpha (peginterferon)

A 
Flu-like symptoms
Chills
Sore muscles
Malaise
Thyroid disease
Autoimmune disease
Psychiatric disease
37
Q

Side effects of Anti-virals

A

Resistance can develop

Anaemia

38
Q

Effect of Sucralfate

A

Acts as a barrier against gastric acid

39
Q

Give examples of laxatives

A

Bulk-forming: Ispagula husk, methylcellulose
Osmotic: Lactulose, macrogols, citrate
Stimulant: Senna, bisocodyl, glycerol suppository

40
Q

MoA of bulk-forming laxatives

A

Hydrophilic agents (polysaccharide, cellulose)

41
Q

MoA of Osmotic laxatives

A

Osmotically active agents (sugar, alcohol)

42
Q

MoA of Stimulant laxatives

A

Increase water and electrolyte secretion from the colonic mucosa, colonic content is increased, stimulating peristalsis

43
Q

Side effects of laxatives

A

Diarrhoea
Cramping
Flatulence

The Holy Grail (Drugs) (15 decks)

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