Renal DIT Flashcards
3 parts of the embryological kidney
Which gives rise to the ureteric bud?
Which gives rise to the audlut kidney
Pronephros Mesonephros -caudal end -> ureteric bud Metanephros -adult kidney
Ureteric bud arises from? Gives rise to (4)
arises from the caudal end of the mesonephros -> induces metanephric mesenchyme to induce into nephrons and form glomerluli
the bud -> renal calyx, ureters, collection duct, pelvis
Most common site of obstruction in a fetus
ureteropelvic junction -> last to canalize
What does the mesenephros give rise to? (2)
ureteric bud (caudal end)
male genital system (in males)
Potters syndrome presents as?
Due to
Due to oligohydraminos (classically renal a genesis; also ARPKD and posterior urethral valves)
POTTER
Pulmonary hypoplasia Oligohydraminos Twisted face Twisted skin Extremities malfunction Renal agenesis
Horseshoe kidney is associated w/
turners syndrome
Renin is released from what cell under what 3 conditions
Released from Juxtaglomerular cells (next to the afferent artery) in response to
Low afferent BP (JG cells sense)
Low Na concentration in efferent arteriorl (Macula densa sense)
Beta 1 stimulation
Glomeruli filtration barrier is made of (3)
fenestrated endothelium
negatively charged basement membrane
podocytes (viseral layer)
Ureters course in relation to major anatomy?
Retroperitoneal or paritoneal?
retroparitoneal course
Ureters flow under the the uterine arteries in females and vas defer ins in males
% of the body that is water
-EC vs IC
W/in EC
–plasma vs intertitial
60% of the body is water
-1/3 extra cell and 2/3 intracellular
1/4 of extracellular fluid is plasma
3/4 extracellular fluid is interstitial
Renal clearance formula
UV/P
U- urine concent
V - urine flow rate
P - plasma concentration
Clearnance and relation to GFR
Cl< GFR = absorbtion
Cl> GFR = excretion
Cl =GFR = no ∆ ~ inulin
GFR calculation and estimation
calculate using inulin and the Clearance formula
[U(urine concent inulin) V] / (Plasma concent of inulin)
Can estimate w/ creatine which slightly over estimates GFR w/ mild secretion
Normal GFR =
100 mL/min
Effective renal plasma flow concept and formula
Effective renal plasma flow is ALL of the blood flow through the kidney, not just what is measured with clearance
Use PAH (para aminohiipuric acid) to calculate due to active secretion AND filtration at the proximal tubule
RPF~ Cl formula = clearance of PAH
[U (PAH) x V] / P (PAH)
Filtration Fraction formula and concept
filtration fraction is a comparisons of how much is being filtered at a given time compared to total flow
FF = GFR/RPF (or renal plasma flow)
normally 20%
Filtered load formula
GFR x plasma concentration
Excretion rate in renal?
U x V
the top part of the clearance formula ( flow rate x conncentration in the urine)
Prostaglandins and effect on the filtration
dialate afferent arteriole
- Increase GFR
- Increase RPF
- No ∆ in FF
NSAIDs effect on glomeruli filtration
blocks prostaglandins afferent dialation ->
Decrease GFR
Decrease in RPF
-No ∆ in FF
angiotension II role of on glomeruli filtration
preferentially constricts the efferent arteriole
Increases GFR
Decrease in RPF
-> Increase in FF
ACE inhibitors and role on glomeruli filtration
blocks angiotensions II preferential constricion on the efferent arteriole
Decreases GFR
Increases RPR
Decreases FF
explains why creatine increases w/ ACE inhibitors
Ureter stone and effect on glomerlui filtration
blocks the flow downstream -> back pressure
Decreases GFR
No change in RPF
Decrease in FF
Increase in plasma globulin and effect on glomeruli filtration
increase osmotic pressure w/in the blood vessel
Decreases GFR
No change in RPF
Decrease in FF