renal concentration

Question 1

importance of concentrating urine

Answer 1

concentrate urine to conserve water
can concentrate urine to the concentration of the interstitial fluid of the inner medulla

Question 2

alcohol causes

Answer 2

decreased ADH release
increased urine
dehydration

Question 3

ADH raises permeability to H2O by rising

Answer 3

cAMP and PKA
- fuse aquaporins to the luminal membrane

Question 4

countercurrent multiplication

Answer 4

H2O reabsorbed from the descending limb of the loop of Henle
Na+, Cl-, but not reabsorbed from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
can crease a 200 most concentration gradient
creates concentrated interstitial fluid of the inner medulla